The Effect of Reactive Neuromuscular Training Versus General Warm-up on Proprioception and Balance in Female Handball Players with Rounded Shoulder
Abstract
Backgrounds: the aim of this study was to compare the immediate effects of a session of Reactive Neuromuscular Training (RNT) with warming up exercises on shoulder proprioception and dynamic balance in female handball players with shoulder impingement.
Methods: In this controlled laboratory study, 18 female adolescent handball players from 14 to 18 years old were recruited from Samen City. The participants participated once in the warm-up routine program and once in the RNT program. Before and after each exercise program, shoulder proprioception was measured by photogrammetry, and dynamic balance of the upper limb was measured using the Wye balance test. The paired t-tests, with a significance level of 0.05, were employed to compare pre-test and post-test data.
Results: both exercise protocols had no significant effects on shoulder repositioning error (P>0.05). However, participation in both exercise programs resulted in a significant improvement in the dynamic balance score of the upper limbs of the athletes (P<0.001). Moreover, no significant differences were observed between the effect of routine handball exercises with the effect of RNT exercises on shoulder repositioning and dynamic balance in female handball players (P>0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that routine warm-up exercises and RNT could not improve proprioception in the shoulders of student-athletes with round shoulders. However, both training methods caused a significant improvement in the dynamic balance of the upper limb, although there was no significant difference between the effects of the two methods.
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3. Yip CH, Chiu TT, Poon AT. The relationship between head posture and severity and disability of patients with neck pain. Man Ther. 2008;13(2):148-54. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2006.11.002. [PubMed: 17368075].
4. Griegel-Morris P, Larson K, Mueller-Klaus K, Oatis CA. Incidence of common postural abnormalities in the cervical, shoulder, and thoracic regions and their association with pain in two age groups of healthy subjects. Phys Ther. 1992;72(6):425-31. doi: 10.1093/ptj/72.6.425. [PubMed: 1589462].
5. Borstad JD, Ludewig PM. The effect of long versus short pectoralis minor resting length on scapular kinematics in healthy individuals. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005;35(4):227- 38. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2005.35.4.227. [PubMed: 15901124].
6. Sahrmann S, Azevedo DC, Dillen LV. Diagnosis and treatment of movement system impairment syndromes. Braz J Phys Ther. 2017;21(6):391-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.08.001. [PubMed: 29097026]. [PubMed Central: PMC5693453].
7. Yaver J. Diagnosis and treatment of movement impairment syndromes. Physical Therapy. 2002;82(6):626.
8. Ramasamy Y, Usman J, Razman R, Wei Y, Towler H, King M. A systematic review of the biomechanical studies on shoulder kinematics in overhead sporting motions: Types of analysis and approaches. Applied Sciences. 2023;13:9463. doi: 10.3390/app13169463.
9. Bahr R, Reeser JC. Injuries among world-class professional beach volleyball players. The Federation Internationale de Volleyball beach volleyball injury study. Am J Sports Med. 2003;31(1):119-25. doi: 10.1177/03635465030310010401. [PubMed: 12531768].
10. Clarsen B, Bahr R, Heymans MW, Engedahl M, Midtsundstad G, Rosenlund L, et al. The prevalence and impact of overuse injuries in five Norwegian sports: Application of a new surveillance method. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25(3):323-30. doi: 10.1111/sms.12223. [PubMed: 24684525].
11. Fahlstrom M, Yeap JS, Alfredson H, Soderman K. Shoulder pain -- a common problem in world-class badminton players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006;16(3):168-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1600- 0838.2004.00427.x. [PubMed: 16643194].12. Giroto N, Hespanhol Junior LC, Gomes MR, Lopes AD. Incidence and risk factors of injuries in Brazilian elite handball players: A prospective cohort study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017;27(2): 195-202. doi: 10.1111/sms.12636. [PubMed: 26661576].
13. Seminati E, Minetti AE. Overuse in volleyball training/practice: A review on shoulder and spine-related injuries. Eur J Sport Sci. 2013;13(6):732-43. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2013.773090. [PubMed: 24251752].
14. Ranson C, Gregory PL. Shoulder injury in professional cricketers. Phys Ther Sport. 2008;9(1):34-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2007.08.001. [PubMed: 19083702].
15. Moller M, Attermann J, Myklebust G, Wedderkopp N. Injury risk in Danish youth and senior elite handball using a new SMS text messages approach. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46(7):531-7. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091022. [PubMed: 22554848].
16. Verhagen EA, Van der Beek AJ, Bouter LM, Bahr RM, Van MW. A one season prospective cohort study of volleyball injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38(4):477-81. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2003.005785. [PubMed: 15273190]. [PubMed Central: PMC1724865].
17. Lee JH, Cynn HS, Yoon TL, Ko CH, Choi WJ, Choi SA, et al. The effect of scapular posterior tilt exercise, pectoralis minor stretching, and shoulder brace on scapular alignment and muscles activity in subjects with round-shoulder posture. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2015;25(1):107-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.10.010. [PubMed: 25467545].
18. Seo SH, Jeon IH, Cho YH, Lee HG, Hwang YT, Jang JH. Surface EMG during the push-up plus exercise on a stable support or Swiss ball: Scapular stabilizer muscle exercise. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013;25(7):833-7. doi: 10.1589/jpts.25.833. [PubMed: 24259864]. [PubMed Central: PMC3820383].
19. Roddey TS, Olson SL, Grant SE. The effect of pectoralis muscle stretching on the resting position of the scapula in persons with varying degrees of forward head/rounded shoulder posture. J Man Manip Ther. 2002;10(3):124-8. doi: 10.1179/106698102790819247.
20. KarlssonJ,AndreassonGO.Theeffectofexternalanklesupport in chronic lateral ankle joint instability. An electromyographic study. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20(3):257-61. doi: 10.1177/036354659202000304. [PubMed: 1636854].
21. Gak HB, Lee JH, Kim HD. Efficacy of kinesiology taping for recovery of dominant upper back pain in female sedentary worker having a rounded shoulder posture. Technol Health Care. 2013;21(6):607-12. doi: 10.3233/THC-130753. [PubMed: 24225408].
22. Cho Yj, Kim Mj, Park Cw, Cho Yb, Heo IA, Kim Sj. A study on the effectiveness of face-to-face physical therapy and non- face-to-face physical therapy in individuals with rounded shoulder. Physical Therapy Korea. 2023; 20(1):50-8. doi: 10.12674/ptk.2023.30.1.50.
23. LeeH,LeeG,KangS,KangS,KwonM,KimR,etal.Effectsofthe home exercise program and exercise program of round shoulder adjusting on the shoulder height, the level of trapezius muscle activity and attention capacity for middle school students. Journal of the Korean society of integrative medicine. 2015;3(1):91-103. doi: 10.15268/ksim.2015.3.1.091.
24. Mohr AR, Long BC, Goad CL. Effect of foam rolling and static stretching on passive hip-flexion range of motion. J Sport Rehabil. 2014;23(4):296-9. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2013-0025. [PubMed: 24458506].
25. Guido JA, Jr., Stemm J. Reactive neuromuscular training: A multi-level approach to rehabilitation of the unstable shoulder. N Am J Sports Phys Ther. 2007;2(2):97-103. [PubMed: 21522207]. [PubMed Central: PMC2953291].
26. Nouri H, Sheikhhoseini R, Eslami R, Ghorbani MR. The effects of reactive neuromuscular training on the upper quarter posture in students with forward head posture: A randomized clinical trial. International Journal of School Health. 2020;7(2):54-60. doi: 10.30476/intjsh.2020.86118.1072.
27. Voight ML, Cook G. Clinical application of closed kinetic chain exercise. J Sport Rehabil. 1996;5(1):25-44. doi: 10.1123/jsr.5.1.25.
28. AgerAL,BormsD,DeschepperL,DhoogheR,DijkhuisJ,RoyJS,
et al. Proprioception: How is it affected by shoulder pain? A systematic review. J Hand Ther. 2020;33(4):507-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2019.06.002. [PubMed: 31481340].
29. Arzi H, Krasovsky T, Pritsch M, Liebermann DG. Movement control in patients with shoulder instability: A comparison between patients after open surgery and nonoperated patients. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014;23(7):982-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2013.09.021. [PubMed: 24374151].
30. Franco PG, Santos KB, Rodacki AL. Joint positioning sense, perceived force level and two-point discrimination tests of young and active elderly adults. Braz J Phys Ther. 2015;19(4):304-10. doi: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0099. [PubMed: 26443978]. [PubMed Central: PMC4620979].
31. Kerr GK, Worringham CJ. Velocity perception and proprioception. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2002;508:79-86. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0713-0_10. [PubMed: 12171154].
32. Sherrington CS. The integrative action of the nervous system. Scientific and Medical Knowledge Production, 1796-1918. London, UK: Routledge; 2023. p. 217-53.
33. Riemann BL, Lephart SM. The sensorimotor system, part I: The physiologic basis of functional joint stability. J Athl Train. 2002;37(1):71-9. [PubMed: 16558670]. [PubMed Central: PMC164311].
34. Riemann BL, Lephart SM. The sensorimotor system, part II: The role of proprioception in motor control and functional joint stability. J Athl Train. 2002;37(1):80-4. [PubMed: 16558671]. [PubMed Central: PMC164312].
35. Salles J, Alves H, Amaral M, Cagy M, Cunha-Cruz V, Piedade R, et al. Study of proprioceptive function in professional volleyball athletes with atrophy of the infraspinatus. Brit J Sport Med. 2011;45(6):535-. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2011.084558.6.
36. Simon AM, Ferris DP. Lower limb force production and bilateral force asymmetries are based on sense of effort. Exp Brain Res. 2008;187(1):129-38. doi: 10.1007/s00221-008-1288-x. [PubMed: 18251017].
37. Xue X, Ma T, Li Q, Song Y, Hua Y. Chronic ankle instability is associated with proprioception deficits: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sport Health Sci. 2021;10(2):182-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.09.014. [PubMed: 33017672]. [PubMed Central: PMC7987558].
38. Jeong HS, Lee SC, Jee H, Song JB, Chang HS, Lee SY. Proprioceptive training and outcomes of patients with knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Athl Train. 2019;54(4):418-28. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050- 329-17. [PubMed: 30995119]. [PubMed Central: PMC6522092].
39. Salles JI, Velasques B, Cossich V, Nicoliche E, Ribeiro P, Amaral MV, et al. Strength training and shoulder proprioception. J Athl Train. 2015;50(3):277-80. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.84. [PubMed: 25594912]. [PubMed Central: PMC4477923].
40. Fortin C, Feldman DE, Cheriet F, Labelle H. Clinical methods for quantifying body segment posture: a literature review. Disabil Rehabil. 2011;33(5):367-83. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2010.492066. [PubMed: 20568973].
41. Singla D, Veqar Z, Hussain ME. Photogrammetric assessment of upper body posture using postural angles: A literature review. J Chiropr Med. 2017;16(2):131-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2017.01.005. [PubMed: 28559753]. [PubMed Central: PMC5446097].
42. Diab AA, Moustafa IM. The efficacy of forward head correction on nerve root function and pain in cervical spondylotic radiculopathy: a randomized trial. Clin Rehabil. 2012;26(4): 351-61. doi: 10.1177/0269215511419536. [PubMed: 21937526].
43. Yoo WG. Effect of the neck retraction taping (NRT) on forward head posture and the upper trapezius muscle during computer work. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013;25(5):581-2. doi: 10.1589/jpts.25.581. [PubMed: 24259806]. [PubMed Central: PMC3804981].
44. Ruivo RM, Pezarat-Correia P, Carita AI, Vaz JR. Reliability and validity of angular measures through the software for postural assessment. Postural Assessment Software. Rehabilitation. 2013;47(4):223-8. doi: 10.1016/j.rh.2013.07.002.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 10 No 3 (2024) | |
| Section | Research Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jost.v10i3.16780 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Students Female Proprioception Shoulder Therapeutics | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Farhani-Sameni N, Sheikhhoseini R, Piri H, Soltani F. The Effect of Reactive Neuromuscular Training Versus General Warm-up on Proprioception and Balance in Female Handball Players with Rounded Shoulder. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2024;10(3):105-110.
