Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Orthopedic and Spine Trauma 2538-2330 10 3 2024 10 27 105 110 Narges Farhani-Sameni 0009-0008-7565-0303 Rahman Sheikhhoseini AllamehTabataba'i University Hashem Piri Assistant Professor, Department of Corrective Exercise and Sports Injury,Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran Fateme Soltani MSc, Department of Corrective Exercise and Sports Injury, School of Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran 2024 04 08 Backgrounds: the aim of this study was to compare the immediate effects of a session of Reactive Neuromuscular Training (RNT) with warming up exercises on shoulder proprioception and dynamic balance in female handball players with shoulder impingement. Methods: In this controlled laboratory study, 18 female adolescent handball players from 14 to 18 years old were recruited from Samen City. The participants participated once in the warm-up routine program and once in the RNT program. Before and after each exercise program, shoulder proprioception was measured by photogrammetry, and dynamic balance of the upper limb was measured using the Wye balance test. The paired t-tests, with a significance level of 0.05, were employed to compare pre-test and post-test data. Results: both exercise protocols had no significant effects on shoulder repositioning error (P>0.05). However, participation in both exercise programs resulted in a significant improvement in the dynamic balance score of the upper limbs of the athletes (P<0.001). Moreover, no significant differences were observed between the effect of routine handball exercises with the effect of RNT exercises on shoulder repositioning and dynamic balance in female handball players (P>0.05). Conclusion: It seems that routine warm-up exercises and RNT could not improve proprioception in the shoulders of student-athletes with round shoulders. However, both training methods caused a significant improvement in the dynamic balance of the upper limb, although there was no significant difference between the effects of the two methods. https://jost.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jost/article/view/576 https://jost.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jost/article/download/576/375