Intra-Articular Injections for Pain Relief Following Knee Arthroscopy: A Literature Review
-
Mohammad Ayati Firoozabadi
,
Behzad Nezhad Tabrizi
,
Seyed Mohammad Milad Seyed Tabaei
,
Alireza Moharrami
,
SM Javad Mortazavi
Abstract
Arthroscopy procedures for the knee are excellent and tend to be outpatient procedures. Pain control after arthroscopic surgery is an important aspect of patient satisfaction and quicker return to daily activities following surgery. The objective of this article was to review the current literature regarding pain management after knee arthroscopy using intra-articular (IA) injections. Our goal in this article is to review the drugs that have been suggested in various articles for IA injections following knee arthroscopy to control pain. In conclusion, the current evidence suggests that combining IA lidocaine and morphine with tranexamic acid (TXA), in addition to ketorolac, is effective for pain relief after arthroscopic knee surgery.
1. Abdallah FW, Brull R, Joshi GP. Pain management for ambulatory arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Evidence-based recommendations from the Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2019;128(4):631-40. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003976.
[PubMed: 30649069].
2. Secrist ES, Freedman KB, Ciccotti MG, Mazur DW, Hammoud S. Pain management after outpatient anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(9):2435-47. doi: 10.1177/0363546515617737. [PubMed: 26684664].
3. Mortazavi SJ, Sattartabar B, Moharrami A, Kalantar SH. Intra-articular versus intravenous tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty: A randomized clinical trial. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2020;8(3):355-62. doi: 10.22038/abjs.2019.39080.2039. [PubMed: 32766392]. [PubMed Central: PMC7358233].
4. Kaseb MH, Moharrami A, Mirghaderi SP, Fallah E, Razzaghof M, Moazen Jamshidi MM, et al. Effect of joint immobilization using extension splint immediately after total knee arthroplasty on post-operative knee function and pain: A randomized clinical trial. Int Orthop. 2022;46(8):1749-59. doi: 10.1007/s00264-022-05428-8. [PubMed: 35587284].
5. Fallah E, Moharrami A, Ahmadi Nouri AH, Moazen Jamshidi MM, Mafi AR, Mortazavi SJ. The role of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss following total joint arthroplasty: A review article. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2022;8(1):5-8. doi: 10.18502/jost.v8i1.9038.
6. Mortazavi SJ, Kalantar SH, Moharrami A, Zarei M, Hosseini zare N. Total joint arthroplasty during coronavirus disease-2019 COVID-19 pandemic. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2021;6(2):28-9. doi: 10.18502/jost.v6i2.4783.
7. Piper SL, Kramer JD, Kim HT, Feeley BT. Effects of local anesthetics on articular cartilage. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(10):2245-53. doi: 10.1177/0363546511402780. [PubMed: 21515808].
8. Goodwin RC, Amjadi F, Parker RD. Short-term analgesic effects of intra-articular injections after knee arthroscopy. Arthroscopy. 2005;21(3):307-12. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2004.11.015. [PubMed: 15756184].
9. Mitra S, Kaushal H, Gupta RK. Evaluation of analgesic efficacy of intra-articular bupivacaine, bupivacaine plus fentanyl, and bupivacaine plus tramadol after arthroscopic knee surgery. Arthroscopy. 2011;27(12):1637-43. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2011.08.295. [PubMed: 22047926].
10. Sun QB, Liu SD, Meng QJ, Qu HZ, Zhang Z. Single administration of intra-articular bupivacaine in arthroscopic knee surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16:21. doi: 10.1186/s12891-015-0477-6. [PubMed: 25887534]. [PubMed Central: PMC4328055].
11. Yang Y, Zeng C, Wei J, Li H, Yang T, Deng ZH, et al. Single-dose intra-articular bupivacaine plus morphine versus bupivacaine alone after arthroscopic knee surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017;25(3):966-79. doi: 10.1007/s00167-015-3748-8. [PubMed: 26264382].
12. Wei J, Yang HB, Qin JB, Kong FJ, Yang TB. Single-dose intra-articular bupivacaine after knee arthroscopic surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled studies. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014;22(7):1517-28. doi: 10.1007/s00167-013-2543-7. [PubMed: 23749215].
13. Dogan N, Erdem AF, Gundogdu C, Kursad H, Kizilkaya M. The effects of ketorolac and morphine on articular cartilage and synovium in the rabbit knee joint. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2004;82(7):502-5. doi: 10.1139/y04-066. [PubMed: 15389297].
14. Zeng C, Gao SG, Cheng L, Luo W, Li YS, Tu M, et al. Single-dose intra-articular morphine after arthroscopic knee surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled studies. Arthroscopy. 2013;29(8):1450-8. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.04.005. [PubMed: 23768848].
15. Brandsson S, Karlsson J, Morberg P, Rydgren B, Eriksson BI, Hedner T. Intraarticular morphine after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction: A double-blind placebo-controlled study of 40 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 2000;71(3):280-5. doi: 10.1080/000164700317411889. [PubMed: 10919300].
16. Gupta A, Axelsson K, Allvin R, Liszka-Hackzell J, Rawal N, Althoff B, et al. Postoperative pain following knee arthroscopy: The effects of intra-articular ketorolac and/or morphine. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 1999;24(3):225-30. doi: 10.1016/s1098-7339(99)90132-3. [PubMed: 10338172].
17. Zou Z, An MM, Xie Q, Chen XY, Zhang H, Liu GJ, et al. Single dose intra-articular morphine for pain control after knee arthroscopy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(5):CD008918. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008918.pub2. [PubMed: 27140500]. [PubMed Central: PMC6517216].
18. Zhou Y, Yang TB, Wei J, Zeng C, Li H, Yang T, et al. Single-dose intra-articular ropivacaine after arthroscopic knee surgery decreases post-operative pain without increasing side effects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016;24(5):1651-9. doi: 10.1007/s00167-015-3656-y. [PubMed: 26049805].
19. Irwin MG, Cheung KM, Nicholls JM, Thompson N. Intra-articular injection of ketorolac in the rat knee joint: Effect on articular cartilage and synovium. Br J Anaesth. 1998;80(6): 837-9. doi: 10.1093/bja/80.6.837. [PubMed: 9771318].
20. Merkely G, Chisari E, Lola RC, Lattermann C. Do Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a deleterious effect on cartilage repair? A systematic review. Cartilage. 2021;13(1_suppl):326S-41S. doi: 10.1177/1947603519855770. [PubMed: 31216865]. [PubMed Central: PMC8808836].
21. Xu J, Qu Y, Li H, Zhu A, Jiang T, Chong Z, et al. Effect of intra-articular ketorolac versus corticosteroid injection for knee osteoarthritis: A retrospective comparative study. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020;8(4):2325967120911126. doi: 10.1177/2325967120911126. [PubMed: 32313809]. [PubMed Central: PMC7153200].
22. Wan RJ, Liu SF, Kuang ZP, Ran Q, Zhao C, Huang W. Influence of ketorolac supplementation on pain control for knee arthroscopy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Orthop Surg. 2020;12(1):31-7. doi: 10.1111/os.12608. [PubMed: 32077265]. [PubMed Central: PMC7031550].
23. Xu J, Qu Y, Li H, Jiang T, Zheng C, Wang B, et al. Effect of ketorolac in intra-articular injection analgesia for postoperative pain in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy: A pilot-controlled clinical study. J Pain Res. 2019;12:417-22. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S178413. [PubMed: 30705607]. [PubMed Central: PMC6342218].
24. Brill S, Plaza M. Non-narcotic adjuvants may improve the duration and quality of analgesia after knee arthroscopy: A brief review. Can J Anaesth. 2004;51(10):975-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03018482. [PubMed: 15574545].
25. Stewart DJ, Lambert EW, Stack KM, Pellegrini J, Unger DV, Hood RJ. The effect of intra-articular methadone on postoperative pain following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(1):140-4. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.D.01912. [PubMed: 15634825].
26. Ozyuvaci H, Bilgic B, Ozyuvaci E, Altan A, Altug T, Karaca C. Intra-articular injection of tenoxicam in rats: Assessment of the local effects on the articular cartilage and synovium. J Int Med Res. 2004;32(3):312-6. doi: 10.1177/147323000403200311. [PubMed: 15174225].
27. Armellin G, Nardacchione R, Ori C. Intra-articular sufentanil in multimodal analgesic management after outpatient arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. Arthroscopy. 2008;24(8): 909-13. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2008.03.013. [PubMed: 18657739].
28. Wang X, Jia D, Chen X, Xu Y. Comparison of intra-articular low-dose sufentanil, ropivacaine, and combined sufentanil and ropivacaine on post-operative analgesia of isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21(5):1140-5. doi: 10.1007/s00167-012-2326-6. [PubMed: 23223947].
29. Kizilkaya M, Yildirim OS, Dogan N, Kursad H, Okur A. Analgesic effects of intraarticular sufentanil and sufentanil plus methylprednisolone after arthroscopic knee surgery. Anesth Analg. 2004;98(4):1062-5. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000103185.18333.68. [PubMed: 15041599].
30. Vranken JH, Vissers KC, de JR, Heylen R. Intraarticular sufentanil administration facilitates recovery after day-case knee arthroscopy. Anesth Analg. 2001;92(3):625-8. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200103000-00013. [PubMed: 11226089].
31. Johns WL, Walley KC, Hammoud S, Gonzalez TA, Ciccotti MG, Patel NK. Tranexamic Acid in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(14):4030-41. doi: 10.1177/0363546521988943. [PubMed: 33630652].
32. Sun R, Zhao W, Hao Q, Tian H, Tian J, Li L, et al. Intra-articular clonidine for post-operative analgesia following arthroscopic knee surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014;22(9):2076-84. doi:
10.1007/s00167-013-2615-8. [PubMed: 23881255].
33. Chiang ER, Chen KH, Wang ST, Ma HL, Chang MC, Liu CL, et al. Intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid reduced postoperative hemarthrosis in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A prospective randomized study. Arthroscopy. 2019;35(7):2127-32. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2019.02.018. [PubMed: 31227397].
34. Ma R, Wu M, Li Y, Wang J, Wang W, Yang P, et al. The comparative efficacies of intravenous administration and intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for reducing postoperative hemarthrosis: A prospective randomized study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):114. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-03990-7. [PubMed: 33499848]. [PubMed Central: PMC7836152].
35. Davey MS, Hurley ET, Anil U, Moses A, Thompson K, Alaia M, et al. Pain management strategies after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review with network meta-analysis. Arthroscopy. 2021;37(4):1290-300. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.01.023. [PubMed: 33515736].
36. Lu JZ, Fu JX, Wang DF, Su ZL, Zheng YB. The efficacy of intra-articular fentanyl supplementation for knee arthroscopy: A
meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. J Orthop Surg
(Hong Kong). 2020;28(1):2309499019900274. doi:
10.1177/2309499019900274. [PubMed: 31994976].
37. Peng K, Chen WR, Meng XW, Zhang J, Ji FH. Intra-articular dexmedetomidine in knee arthroscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):4089. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22482-8. [PubMed: 29511256]. [PubMed Central: PMC5840390].
38. Shi L, Zhu H, Ma J, Shi LL, Gao F, Sun W. Intra-articular magnesium to alleviate postoperative pain after arthroscopic knee surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s13018-021-02264-1. [PubMed: 33546717]. [PubMed Central: PMC7863353].
[PubMed: 30649069].
2. Secrist ES, Freedman KB, Ciccotti MG, Mazur DW, Hammoud S. Pain management after outpatient anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(9):2435-47. doi: 10.1177/0363546515617737. [PubMed: 26684664].
3. Mortazavi SJ, Sattartabar B, Moharrami A, Kalantar SH. Intra-articular versus intravenous tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty: A randomized clinical trial. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2020;8(3):355-62. doi: 10.22038/abjs.2019.39080.2039. [PubMed: 32766392]. [PubMed Central: PMC7358233].
4. Kaseb MH, Moharrami A, Mirghaderi SP, Fallah E, Razzaghof M, Moazen Jamshidi MM, et al. Effect of joint immobilization using extension splint immediately after total knee arthroplasty on post-operative knee function and pain: A randomized clinical trial. Int Orthop. 2022;46(8):1749-59. doi: 10.1007/s00264-022-05428-8. [PubMed: 35587284].
5. Fallah E, Moharrami A, Ahmadi Nouri AH, Moazen Jamshidi MM, Mafi AR, Mortazavi SJ. The role of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss following total joint arthroplasty: A review article. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2022;8(1):5-8. doi: 10.18502/jost.v8i1.9038.
6. Mortazavi SJ, Kalantar SH, Moharrami A, Zarei M, Hosseini zare N. Total joint arthroplasty during coronavirus disease-2019 COVID-19 pandemic. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2021;6(2):28-9. doi: 10.18502/jost.v6i2.4783.
7. Piper SL, Kramer JD, Kim HT, Feeley BT. Effects of local anesthetics on articular cartilage. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(10):2245-53. doi: 10.1177/0363546511402780. [PubMed: 21515808].
8. Goodwin RC, Amjadi F, Parker RD. Short-term analgesic effects of intra-articular injections after knee arthroscopy. Arthroscopy. 2005;21(3):307-12. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2004.11.015. [PubMed: 15756184].
9. Mitra S, Kaushal H, Gupta RK. Evaluation of analgesic efficacy of intra-articular bupivacaine, bupivacaine plus fentanyl, and bupivacaine plus tramadol after arthroscopic knee surgery. Arthroscopy. 2011;27(12):1637-43. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2011.08.295. [PubMed: 22047926].
10. Sun QB, Liu SD, Meng QJ, Qu HZ, Zhang Z. Single administration of intra-articular bupivacaine in arthroscopic knee surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16:21. doi: 10.1186/s12891-015-0477-6. [PubMed: 25887534]. [PubMed Central: PMC4328055].
11. Yang Y, Zeng C, Wei J, Li H, Yang T, Deng ZH, et al. Single-dose intra-articular bupivacaine plus morphine versus bupivacaine alone after arthroscopic knee surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017;25(3):966-79. doi: 10.1007/s00167-015-3748-8. [PubMed: 26264382].
12. Wei J, Yang HB, Qin JB, Kong FJ, Yang TB. Single-dose intra-articular bupivacaine after knee arthroscopic surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled studies. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014;22(7):1517-28. doi: 10.1007/s00167-013-2543-7. [PubMed: 23749215].
13. Dogan N, Erdem AF, Gundogdu C, Kursad H, Kizilkaya M. The effects of ketorolac and morphine on articular cartilage and synovium in the rabbit knee joint. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2004;82(7):502-5. doi: 10.1139/y04-066. [PubMed: 15389297].
14. Zeng C, Gao SG, Cheng L, Luo W, Li YS, Tu M, et al. Single-dose intra-articular morphine after arthroscopic knee surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled studies. Arthroscopy. 2013;29(8):1450-8. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.04.005. [PubMed: 23768848].
15. Brandsson S, Karlsson J, Morberg P, Rydgren B, Eriksson BI, Hedner T. Intraarticular morphine after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction: A double-blind placebo-controlled study of 40 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 2000;71(3):280-5. doi: 10.1080/000164700317411889. [PubMed: 10919300].
16. Gupta A, Axelsson K, Allvin R, Liszka-Hackzell J, Rawal N, Althoff B, et al. Postoperative pain following knee arthroscopy: The effects of intra-articular ketorolac and/or morphine. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 1999;24(3):225-30. doi: 10.1016/s1098-7339(99)90132-3. [PubMed: 10338172].
17. Zou Z, An MM, Xie Q, Chen XY, Zhang H, Liu GJ, et al. Single dose intra-articular morphine for pain control after knee arthroscopy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(5):CD008918. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008918.pub2. [PubMed: 27140500]. [PubMed Central: PMC6517216].
18. Zhou Y, Yang TB, Wei J, Zeng C, Li H, Yang T, et al. Single-dose intra-articular ropivacaine after arthroscopic knee surgery decreases post-operative pain without increasing side effects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016;24(5):1651-9. doi: 10.1007/s00167-015-3656-y. [PubMed: 26049805].
19. Irwin MG, Cheung KM, Nicholls JM, Thompson N. Intra-articular injection of ketorolac in the rat knee joint: Effect on articular cartilage and synovium. Br J Anaesth. 1998;80(6): 837-9. doi: 10.1093/bja/80.6.837. [PubMed: 9771318].
20. Merkely G, Chisari E, Lola RC, Lattermann C. Do Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a deleterious effect on cartilage repair? A systematic review. Cartilage. 2021;13(1_suppl):326S-41S. doi: 10.1177/1947603519855770. [PubMed: 31216865]. [PubMed Central: PMC8808836].
21. Xu J, Qu Y, Li H, Zhu A, Jiang T, Chong Z, et al. Effect of intra-articular ketorolac versus corticosteroid injection for knee osteoarthritis: A retrospective comparative study. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020;8(4):2325967120911126. doi: 10.1177/2325967120911126. [PubMed: 32313809]. [PubMed Central: PMC7153200].
22. Wan RJ, Liu SF, Kuang ZP, Ran Q, Zhao C, Huang W. Influence of ketorolac supplementation on pain control for knee arthroscopy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Orthop Surg. 2020;12(1):31-7. doi: 10.1111/os.12608. [PubMed: 32077265]. [PubMed Central: PMC7031550].
23. Xu J, Qu Y, Li H, Jiang T, Zheng C, Wang B, et al. Effect of ketorolac in intra-articular injection analgesia for postoperative pain in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy: A pilot-controlled clinical study. J Pain Res. 2019;12:417-22. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S178413. [PubMed: 30705607]. [PubMed Central: PMC6342218].
24. Brill S, Plaza M. Non-narcotic adjuvants may improve the duration and quality of analgesia after knee arthroscopy: A brief review. Can J Anaesth. 2004;51(10):975-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03018482. [PubMed: 15574545].
25. Stewart DJ, Lambert EW, Stack KM, Pellegrini J, Unger DV, Hood RJ. The effect of intra-articular methadone on postoperative pain following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(1):140-4. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.D.01912. [PubMed: 15634825].
26. Ozyuvaci H, Bilgic B, Ozyuvaci E, Altan A, Altug T, Karaca C. Intra-articular injection of tenoxicam in rats: Assessment of the local effects on the articular cartilage and synovium. J Int Med Res. 2004;32(3):312-6. doi: 10.1177/147323000403200311. [PubMed: 15174225].
27. Armellin G, Nardacchione R, Ori C. Intra-articular sufentanil in multimodal analgesic management after outpatient arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. Arthroscopy. 2008;24(8): 909-13. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2008.03.013. [PubMed: 18657739].
28. Wang X, Jia D, Chen X, Xu Y. Comparison of intra-articular low-dose sufentanil, ropivacaine, and combined sufentanil and ropivacaine on post-operative analgesia of isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21(5):1140-5. doi: 10.1007/s00167-012-2326-6. [PubMed: 23223947].
29. Kizilkaya M, Yildirim OS, Dogan N, Kursad H, Okur A. Analgesic effects of intraarticular sufentanil and sufentanil plus methylprednisolone after arthroscopic knee surgery. Anesth Analg. 2004;98(4):1062-5. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000103185.18333.68. [PubMed: 15041599].
30. Vranken JH, Vissers KC, de JR, Heylen R. Intraarticular sufentanil administration facilitates recovery after day-case knee arthroscopy. Anesth Analg. 2001;92(3):625-8. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200103000-00013. [PubMed: 11226089].
31. Johns WL, Walley KC, Hammoud S, Gonzalez TA, Ciccotti MG, Patel NK. Tranexamic Acid in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(14):4030-41. doi: 10.1177/0363546521988943. [PubMed: 33630652].
32. Sun R, Zhao W, Hao Q, Tian H, Tian J, Li L, et al. Intra-articular clonidine for post-operative analgesia following arthroscopic knee surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014;22(9):2076-84. doi:
10.1007/s00167-013-2615-8. [PubMed: 23881255].
33. Chiang ER, Chen KH, Wang ST, Ma HL, Chang MC, Liu CL, et al. Intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid reduced postoperative hemarthrosis in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A prospective randomized study. Arthroscopy. 2019;35(7):2127-32. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2019.02.018. [PubMed: 31227397].
34. Ma R, Wu M, Li Y, Wang J, Wang W, Yang P, et al. The comparative efficacies of intravenous administration and intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for reducing postoperative hemarthrosis: A prospective randomized study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):114. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-03990-7. [PubMed: 33499848]. [PubMed Central: PMC7836152].
35. Davey MS, Hurley ET, Anil U, Moses A, Thompson K, Alaia M, et al. Pain management strategies after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review with network meta-analysis. Arthroscopy. 2021;37(4):1290-300. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.01.023. [PubMed: 33515736].
36. Lu JZ, Fu JX, Wang DF, Su ZL, Zheng YB. The efficacy of intra-articular fentanyl supplementation for knee arthroscopy: A
meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. J Orthop Surg
(Hong Kong). 2020;28(1):2309499019900274. doi:
10.1177/2309499019900274. [PubMed: 31994976].
37. Peng K, Chen WR, Meng XW, Zhang J, Ji FH. Intra-articular dexmedetomidine in knee arthroscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):4089. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22482-8. [PubMed: 29511256]. [PubMed Central: PMC5840390].
38. Shi L, Zhu H, Ma J, Shi LL, Gao F, Sun W. Intra-articular magnesium to alleviate postoperative pain after arthroscopic knee surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s13018-021-02264-1. [PubMed: 33546717]. [PubMed Central: PMC7863353].
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9, No 2 (2023) | |
| Section | Review Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jost.v9i2.12620 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Knee Arthroscopy pain Intra-Articular Injections | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Ayati Firoozabadi M, Nezhad Tabrizi B, Seyed Tabaei SMM, Moharrami A, Mortazavi SJ. Intra-Articular Injections for Pain Relief Following Knee Arthroscopy: A Literature Review. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2023;9(2):46-52.
