Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Orthopedic and Spine Trauma 2538-2330 9 2 2023 07 29 53 8 Mohammad-Hadi Foroughmand-Araabi Department of Mathematical Sciences, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 2022 08 23 2023 07 29 Artificial intelligence (AI) is the high-tech discipline of employing computers to perform or potentially outperform human intelligence. With the deployment of AI systems, the traditional medical environment has already changed. For recent AI developments that have not yet been applied to medicine, as well as potential future developments, to be implementable in medicine, numerous considerations must be taken into account. In this article, we introduce fundamental AI-related concepts for researchers and administrators of healthcare systems. This article also discusses challenges with applications of AI in medicine, potential futures, and preparation strategies for the future of AI-enhanced medicine. In addition, a list of applications of AI in medicine is provided with a categorization that could help medical professionals to understand potential applications of AI systems in their fields of work. https://jost.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jost/article/view/424 https://jost.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jost/article/download/424/308