Assessment of Forward Head Posture in Information Technology Employees with Neck Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Abstract
Introduction- Neck pain is a most common complaint that we deal in the orthopedics OPD; most of which are IT professionals. In these individuals the incidence of forward head posture is high probably because of their vocational mismanagement. Materials and methods- A cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2019 to June 2019 during which total of 300 patients were taken into study. Clinical assessment of neck pain, head posture, range of motion and radiological assessment of Craniovertebral angle and anterior head translation was done. Results- Out of 300 patients, the major chunk was of males. On an average males used computers for 9.6 hours as compared to 9.2 hours of females. The average CVA was more in females (58.8). The average AHT was more in males (22.9). Discussion- As compared with the previous literature, our study showed 84.3% of males and 92.91 % of female participants had FHP. CVA was lower, while AHT was higher in both groups than the usual range. The mean anterior head translation in our sample was 18.8 mm, that was been found to be aberrant in prior research study. Conclusion- In our study we have found a negative correlation between the craniovertebral angle and anterior head translation resulting in forward head posture which can furthermore lead to early changes of cervical spondylosis in IT employees probably due to long hours of desktop usage resulting in fixed postural habit.
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DOI:10.1016/j.math.2006.11.002
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11. Willford CH, Kisner C, Glenn TM, Sachs L. The interaction of wearing multifocal lenses with head posture and pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1996;23(3):194–99. [PMID: 8919398
12. Silva AG , Punt TD, Sharples P, Vilas-Boas JP, Johnson MI. Head posture and neck pain of chronic nontraumatic origin: A comparison between patients and pain-free persons. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90(4):669–74. [PMID: 19345785] DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2008.10.018
13. Griegel-Morris P, Larson K, Mueller-Klaus K, Oatis CA. Incidence of common postural abnormalities in the cervical, shoulder, and thoracic regions and their association with pain in two age groups of healthy subjects. Phys Ther. 1992;72(6):425–31. [PMID: 1589462
14. Fernádez-de-las-Peñas C, Alonso-Blanco C, Cuadrado ML, Pareja JA. Forward head posture and neck mobility in chronic tension-type headache: A blinded, controlled study. Cephalalgia. 2006;26(3):314–19. [PMID: 16472338] DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.01042.x
15. Fernádez-de-las-Peñas C, Cuadrado ML, Pareja JA. Myofascial trigger points, neck mobility and forward head posture in unilateral migraine. Cephalalgia. 2006;26(9):1061–70. [PMID: 16919056] DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01162.x
16. Vernon H, Mior S: The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 1991, 14: 409–415. [Medline
17. Korhonen T, Ketola R, Toivonen R, Luukkonen R, Häkkänen M, Viikari-Juntura E. Work-related and individualpredictors for incident neck pain among office employees working with video display units. Occup Environ Med2003;60:475-82.
18. Lau EM, Sham A, Wong KC. The prevalence of and risk factors for neck pain in Hong Kong Chinese. J PublicHealth Med 1996;18:396-9.
19. De Loose V, Burnotte F, Cagnie B, Stevens V, Van Tiggelen D. Prevalence and risk factors of neck pain in militaryoffice workers. Mil Med 2008;173:474-9.
20. Shannon HS, Woodward CA, Cunningham CE, McIntosh J, Lendrum B, Brown J, et al. Changes in general healthand musculoskeletal outcomes in the workforce of a hospital undergoing rapid change: A longitudinal study. JOccup Health Psychol 2001;6:3-14.
21. Cagnie B, Danneels L, van Tiggelen D, de Loose V, Cambier D. Individual and work related risk factors for neck pain among office workers: A cross sectional study. Eur Spine J. 2007;16(5):679–86, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-006-0269-7.
22. Ariëns GA, Bongers PM, Douwes M, Miedema MC, Hoogendoorn WE, van der Wal G, et al. Are neck flexion, neck rotation, and sitting at work risk factors for neck pain? Results of a prospective cohort study. Occup EnvironMed. 2001;58(3):200–7, http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/
oem.58.3.200.
23. Briggs A, Straker L, Greig A. Upper quadrant postural changes of school children in response to interaction with different information technologies. Ergonomics. 2004;47(7): 790–819, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140130410001663569., 31. Mostamand J, Lotfi H, Safi N. Evaluating the head posture of dentists with no neck pain. J Bodywork Mov Ther. 2013;17(4):430–3, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jbmt.2012.11.002.
24. Kang JH, Park RY, Lee SJ, Kim JY, Yoon SR, Jung KI. The effect of the forward head posture on postural balance in long time computer based worker. Ann Rehabil Med. 2012;36(1):98–104, http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2012.36.1.98.,
25. Lau KT, Cheung KY, Chan MH, Chan KB, Lo KY,Chiu TT. Relationships between sagittal postures of thoracic and cervical spine, presence of neck pain, neck pain severity and disability. Man Ther. 2010;15(5):457–62, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2010.03.009
26. Lau HMC, Chiu TTW, Lam TH. Measurement of craniovertebral angle with electronic head posture instrument: Criterion validity. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2010;47(9):911–8,http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2010.01.0001.
27, Agustin CTS, Wilmarth MA, Raymond J, Hilliard TS. The amount and variation of craniovertebral angle changes in college-aged students using one-strapped and two-strapped
backpacks and bags. Orthop Pract. 2003;15(3):30–3
28. Portney LG , Watkins MP. Foundations of clinical research:Applications to practice. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River (NJ):Prentice Hall; 2000.
29. Harrison DD, Harrison SO, Croft AC, Harrison DE, Troyanovich SJ. Sitting biomechanics part I: Review of the literature. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1999;22(9):594–609. [PMID: 10626703] DOI:10.1016/S0161-4754(99)70020-5
30. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Cailliet R, Troyanovich SJ,Janik TJ, Holland B.. Cobb method or Harrison posteriortangent method: Which to choose for lateral cervicalradiographic analysis. Spine; 2000;25(16):2072-78.
2. Yip CHT, Chiu TTW, Poon ATK. The relationship between head posture and severity and disability of patients with neck pain. Man Ther. 2008;13(2):148–54, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2006.11.002.
3. Adrian lee “how your laptop could be a real pain in neck”, Express.Co.UK, 19th October 2010
4. Barbe MF, Barr AE. Inflammation and the pathophysiology of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. BrainBehav Immun 2006;20:423-9.
5. Ariëns GA, van Mechelen W, Bongers PM, Bouter LM, van der Wal G. Physical risk factors for neck pain. Scand JWork Environ Health 2000;26:7-19.
6. Bernard BP. Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors: A Critical Review of Epidemiologic Evidence forWork-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Neck, Upper Extremity, and Low Back. US Department of Healthand Human Services. Cincinnati, OH: National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health; 1997. p. 97-141
7. Côté P, van der Velde G, Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, Hogg-Johnson S, Holm LW, et al.; Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. The burden and determinants of neck pain in workers:Results of the bone and joint decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Spine
8. Yip CH, Chiu TT, Poon AT. The relationship between head posture and severity and disability of patients with neck pain. Man Ther. 2008;13(2):148–54. [PMID: 17368075]
DOI:10.1016/j.math.2006.11.002
9. Watson DH, Trott PH. Cervical headache: An investigation of natural head posture and upper cervical flexor muscle performance. Cephalalgia. 1993;13(4):272–84. [PMID: 8374943] DOI:10.1046/j.1468-2982.1993.1304272.x
10. Wilmarth MA, Hilliard TS. Measuring head posture via the craniovertebral angle. Orthop Phys Ther Pract. 2002;14:13–15.
11. Willford CH, Kisner C, Glenn TM, Sachs L. The interaction of wearing multifocal lenses with head posture and pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1996;23(3):194–99. [PMID: 8919398
12. Silva AG , Punt TD, Sharples P, Vilas-Boas JP, Johnson MI. Head posture and neck pain of chronic nontraumatic origin: A comparison between patients and pain-free persons. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90(4):669–74. [PMID: 19345785] DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2008.10.018
13. Griegel-Morris P, Larson K, Mueller-Klaus K, Oatis CA. Incidence of common postural abnormalities in the cervical, shoulder, and thoracic regions and their association with pain in two age groups of healthy subjects. Phys Ther. 1992;72(6):425–31. [PMID: 1589462
14. Fernádez-de-las-Peñas C, Alonso-Blanco C, Cuadrado ML, Pareja JA. Forward head posture and neck mobility in chronic tension-type headache: A blinded, controlled study. Cephalalgia. 2006;26(3):314–19. [PMID: 16472338] DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.01042.x
15. Fernádez-de-las-Peñas C, Cuadrado ML, Pareja JA. Myofascial trigger points, neck mobility and forward head posture in unilateral migraine. Cephalalgia. 2006;26(9):1061–70. [PMID: 16919056] DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01162.x
16. Vernon H, Mior S: The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 1991, 14: 409–415. [Medline
17. Korhonen T, Ketola R, Toivonen R, Luukkonen R, Häkkänen M, Viikari-Juntura E. Work-related and individualpredictors for incident neck pain among office employees working with video display units. Occup Environ Med2003;60:475-82.
18. Lau EM, Sham A, Wong KC. The prevalence of and risk factors for neck pain in Hong Kong Chinese. J PublicHealth Med 1996;18:396-9.
19. De Loose V, Burnotte F, Cagnie B, Stevens V, Van Tiggelen D. Prevalence and risk factors of neck pain in militaryoffice workers. Mil Med 2008;173:474-9.
20. Shannon HS, Woodward CA, Cunningham CE, McIntosh J, Lendrum B, Brown J, et al. Changes in general healthand musculoskeletal outcomes in the workforce of a hospital undergoing rapid change: A longitudinal study. JOccup Health Psychol 2001;6:3-14.
21. Cagnie B, Danneels L, van Tiggelen D, de Loose V, Cambier D. Individual and work related risk factors for neck pain among office workers: A cross sectional study. Eur Spine J. 2007;16(5):679–86, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-006-0269-7.
22. Ariëns GA, Bongers PM, Douwes M, Miedema MC, Hoogendoorn WE, van der Wal G, et al. Are neck flexion, neck rotation, and sitting at work risk factors for neck pain? Results of a prospective cohort study. Occup EnvironMed. 2001;58(3):200–7, http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/
oem.58.3.200.
23. Briggs A, Straker L, Greig A. Upper quadrant postural changes of school children in response to interaction with different information technologies. Ergonomics. 2004;47(7): 790–819, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140130410001663569., 31. Mostamand J, Lotfi H, Safi N. Evaluating the head posture of dentists with no neck pain. J Bodywork Mov Ther. 2013;17(4):430–3, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jbmt.2012.11.002.
24. Kang JH, Park RY, Lee SJ, Kim JY, Yoon SR, Jung KI. The effect of the forward head posture on postural balance in long time computer based worker. Ann Rehabil Med. 2012;36(1):98–104, http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2012.36.1.98.,
25. Lau KT, Cheung KY, Chan MH, Chan KB, Lo KY,Chiu TT. Relationships between sagittal postures of thoracic and cervical spine, presence of neck pain, neck pain severity and disability. Man Ther. 2010;15(5):457–62, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2010.03.009
26. Lau HMC, Chiu TTW, Lam TH. Measurement of craniovertebral angle with electronic head posture instrument: Criterion validity. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2010;47(9):911–8,http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2010.01.0001.
27, Agustin CTS, Wilmarth MA, Raymond J, Hilliard TS. The amount and variation of craniovertebral angle changes in college-aged students using one-strapped and two-strapped
backpacks and bags. Orthop Pract. 2003;15(3):30–3
28. Portney LG , Watkins MP. Foundations of clinical research:Applications to practice. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River (NJ):Prentice Hall; 2000.
29. Harrison DD, Harrison SO, Croft AC, Harrison DE, Troyanovich SJ. Sitting biomechanics part I: Review of the literature. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1999;22(9):594–609. [PMID: 10626703] DOI:10.1016/S0161-4754(99)70020-5
30. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Cailliet R, Troyanovich SJ,Janik TJ, Holland B.. Cobb method or Harrison posteriortangent method: Which to choose for lateral cervicalradiographic analysis. Spine; 2000;25(16):2072-78.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 10 No 1 (2024) | |
| Section | Research Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jost.v10i1.14962 | |
| Keywords | ||
| anterior head translation forward head posture vocational craniovertebral angle computer usage | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Ganesh A, Mohapatra S, Zion N. Assessment of Forward Head Posture in Information Technology Employees with Neck Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2024;10(1):5-8.
