Evaluation of Changes in Antioxidant Factors and Albumin Level Following the Administration of a Controlled-Releasing Drug Delivery System of Chitosan Hydrogel Loaded with Buprenorphine and Ketorolac in an Experimental Bone Defect in the Tibia of the Rat
,
Abstract
Background: In the present study, the effectiveness of a controlled-release drug delivery system of chitosan hydrogel loaded with ketorolac and buprenorphine on oxidative stress indices and albumin changes in the experimental bone defect model was considered. Methods: After creating an experimental defect in the right tibia of each rat, 5 groups, including (A) the control group that did not receive any pharmacological intervention, (B) the chitosan hydrogel receiving group, (C) the group receiving chitosan hydrogel loaded with buprenorphine, (D) the group receiving chitosan hydrogel loaded with ketorolac, and (E) the group receiving chitosan hydrogel loaded with ketorolac and buprenorphine, were considered. Serum concentrations of antioxidant factors and albumin levels were then measured on days 0, 3, 7, and 21 after surgery.
Results: In the control group, the maximum amount of oxidative stress and the maximum activity of antioxidant enzymes on the third and seventh days were compared between the 4 treatment groups. Moreover, the maximum amount of albumin on the third day was recorded and compared between the 4 other treatment groups. In 4 treatment groups, a significant decrease was observed in the mean of parameters related to oxidative stress compared to the control group, which was more noticeable in the group receiving ketorolac.
Conclusion: In the present study, the highest rate of control of oxidative stress conditions was observed in the group treated with the ketorolac-loaded chitosan hydrogel system, possibly due to its antioxidant properties and better control of inflammatory conditions caused by the use of chitosan and ketorolac in this treatment group.
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21. Norman PH, Daley MD, Lindsey RW. Preemptive analgesic effects of ketorolac in ankle fracture surgery. Anesthesiology. 2001;94(4):599-603. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200104000-00012. [PubMed: 11379679].
22. Fernandes E, Costa D, Toste SA, Lima JL, Reis S. In vitro scavenging activity for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory indole, pyrrole, and oxazole derivative drugs. Free Radic Biol Med. 2004; 37(11):1895-905. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.09.001. [PubMed: 15528048].
23. Parij N, Nagy AM, Neve J. Linear and non linear competition plots in the deoxyribose assay for determination of rate constants for reaction of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs with hydroxyl radicals. Free Radic Res. 1995;23(6):571-9. doi: 10.3109/10715769509065278. [PubMed: 8574351].
24. Lindenhovius AL, Helmerhorst GT, Schnellen AC, Vrahas M, Ring D, Kloen P. Differences in prescription of narcotic pain medication after operative treatment of hip and ankle fractures in the United States and The Netherlands. J Trauma. 2009;67(1):160-4. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31818c12ee. [PubMed: 19590328].
25. Flecknell P, Lofgren J, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT. Preanesthesia, anesthesia, analgesia, and euthanasia. In: Anderson LC, Otto G, editors. Laboratory animal medicine. 3rd ed. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier; 2015. p. 1135-200.
26. Bloms-Funke P, Gillen C, Schuettler AJ, Wnendt S. Agonistic effects of the opioid buprenorphine on the nociceptin/OFQ receptor. Peptides. 2000;21(7):1141-6. doi: 10.1016/s0196- 9781(00)00252-7. [PubMed: 10998549].
27. Koch T, Seifert A, Wu DF, Rankovic M, Kraus J, Borner C, et al. mu-opioid receptor-stimulated synthesis of reactive oxygen species is mediated via phospholipase D2. J Neurochem. 2009;110(4):1288-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06217.x. [PubMed: 19519662].
28. Hoffman AS. Hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2002;54(1):3-12. doi: 10.1016/s0169-409x(01)00239-3. [PubMed: 11755703].
29. Lee KY, Mooney DJ. Hydrogels for tissue engineering. Chem Rev.
2001;101(7):1869-79. doi: 10.1021/cr000108x. [PubMed: 11710233].
30. Tessmar JK, Gopferich AM. Matrices and scaffolds for protein delivery in tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2007; 59 (4-5):274-91. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.03.020. [PubMed: 17544542].
31. Javdani M, Barzegar A, Khosravian P, Hashemnia M. Evaluation of inflammatory response due to use of controlled release drug delivery system of chitosan hydrogel loaded with buprenorphine and ketorolac in rat with experimental proximal tibial epiphysis defect. J Invest Surg. 2022;35(5):996-1011. doi: 10.1080/08941939.2021.1989728. [PubMed: 34666588].
32. Kiani K, Rassouli A, Hosseinzadeh Ardakani Y, Akbari Javar H, Khanamani Falahatipour S, Khosraviyan P, et al. Preparation and evaluation of a thermosensitive liposomal hydrogel for sustained delivery of danofloxacin using mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Iran J Vet Med. 2016;10(4):295-305. doi: 10.22059/IJVM.2016.59731.
33. Javdani M, Ghorbani R, Hashemnia M. Histopathological evaluation of spinal cord with experimental traumatic injury following implantation of a controlled released drug delivery system of chitosan hydrogel loaded with selenium nanoparticle. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021;199(7):2677-86. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02395-2. [PubMed: 32959339].
34. Esquivel AO, Sherman SS, Bir CA, Lemos SE. the interaction of intramuscular ketorolac (Toradol) and concussion in a rat model. Ann Biomed Eng. 2017;45(6):1581-8. doi: 10.1007/s10439- 017-1809-5. [PubMed: 28194658].
35. Raafat SN, Amin RM, Elmazar MM, Khattab MM, El-Khatib AS. The sole and combined effect of simvastatin and platelet rich fibrin as a filling material in induced bone defect in tibia of albino rats. Bone. 2018;117:60-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.09.003. [PubMed: 30208342].
36. Takahashi M, Makino S, Kikkawa T, Osumi N. Preparation of rat serum suitable for mammalian whole embryo culture. J Vis Exp. 2014;(90):e51969. doi: 10.3791/51969. [PubMed: 25145996]. [PubMed Central: PMC4672955].
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9 No 3 (2023) | |
| Section | Research Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jost.v9i3.13019 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Bone Frcature Healing Oxidative Stress Buprenorphine Ketorolac | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Javdani M, Khosravian P, Barzegar A, Hashemnia M. Evaluation of Changes in Antioxidant Factors and Albumin Level Following the Administration of a Controlled-Releasing Drug Delivery System of Chitosan Hydrogel Loaded with Buprenorphine and Ketorolac in an Experimental Bone Defect in the Tibia of the Rat. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2023;9(3):110-9.
