Comparison of One-Year Mortality Rates in Patients with Peritrochantric Hip Fractures during and Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic
-
Seyyed Saeed Khabiri
,
Farsad Biglari
,
Meisan Jafari Kafiabadi
,
Mehrdad Sadighi
,
Adel Ebrahimpour
,
Amir Sabaghzadeh
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess and follow up on patients who had peritrochantric hip fractures during the first wave of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Iran. These patients were compared to patients from the previous year during the same period. Their prognosis and one-year mortality rates were also compared.
Methods: In this two-center, retrospective cohort study, patients aged over 60 years with a proximal femoral fracture admitted to the hospital between March 2019 and April 2020 were included. The primary outcome was one-year mortality.
Results: The patients counted 146, and we had access to all of them. Seventy-four were from the year 2019, and 72 were from the year 2020. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age, sex, type of fracture, or the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score in the analytical investigation. Regarding patient mortality at this time, our one-year mortality rate in patients hospitalized before the COVID-19 era was 29.7%, compared to 51.5% in the COVID-19 period.
Conclusion: The one-year mortality rate for patients with hip fracture increased considerably during the COVID-19 pandemic. Comorbidity and ASA score were related to mortality in this patient population. This increase in mortality may be attributable to postoperative complications, including coagulopathy and proper health care limitation.
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10.1155/2021/8822004. [PubMed: 33643668]. [PubMed Central:
PMC7902137].
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10.2106/JBJS.20.00686. [PubMed: 32618917]. [PubMed Central: PMC7396221].
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34. Tsantes AG, Papadopoulos DV, Trikoupis IG, Goumenos S, Piovani D, Tsante KA, et al. The procoagulant effect of COVID-19 on the thrombotic risk of patients with hip fractures due to enhanced clot strength and fibrinolysis shutdown. J Clin Med. 2021;10(15). doi: 10.3390/jcm10153397. [PubMed: 34362178]. [PubMed Central: PMC8347467].
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2. Magro F, Perazzo P, Bottinelli E, Possenti F, Banfi G. Managing a tertiary orthopedic hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic, main challenges and solutions adopted. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(13). doi10.3390/ijerph17134818. [PubMed: 32635474]. [PubMed Central: PMC7369736].
3. Oussedik S, MacIntyre S, Gray J, McMeekin P, Clement ND, Deehan DJ. Elective orthopaedic cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic: Where are we now, and where are we heading? Bone Jt Open. 2021;2(2):103-10. doi: 10.1302/2633-
1462.22.BJO-2020-0161.R1. [PubMed: 33573397]. [PubMed Central: PMC7925214].
4. Wong JSH, Cheung KMC. Impact of COVID-19 on orthopaedic and trauma service: An epidemiological study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2020;102(14):e80. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.20.00775. [PubMed: 32675668]. [PubMed Central: PMC7431143].
5. Jenkins P. The Early Effect of COVID-19 on Trauma and Elective Orthopaedic Surgery [Online]. [cited 2020 Apr 17]; Available from: URL: https://www.boa.ac.uk/resources/knowledge-hub/the-early-effect-of-covid-19-on-trauma-and-elective-orthopaedic-surgery.html
6. Scott CEH, Holland G, Powell-Bowns MFR, Brennan CM, Gillespie M, Mackenzie SP, et al. Population mobility and adult orthopaedic trauma services during the COVID-19 pandemic: Fragility fracture provision remains a priority. Bone Jt Open. 2020;1(6):182-9. doi: 10.1302/2633-1462.16.BJO-2020-0043.R1. [PubMed: 33225287]. [PubMed Central: PMC7677724].
7. Kumar A, Haider Y, Passey J, Khan R, Gaba S, Kumar M. Mortality Predictors in COVID-19 positive patients with fractures: A systematic review. Bull Emerg Trauma. 2021;9(2):51-9. doi: 10.30476/BEAT.2021.87742. [PubMed: 34150914]. [PubMed Central: PMC8195830].
8. Civinini R, Paoli T, Cianferotti L, Cartei A, Boccaccini A, Peris A, et al. Functional outcomes and mortality in geriatric and fragility hip fractures-results of an integrated, multidisciplinary model experienced by the "Florence hip fracture unit". Int Orthop. 2019;43(1):187-92. doi: 10.1007/s00264-018-4132-3. [PubMed: 30159804].
9. Shafiei SH, Ghaderzadeh S, Rastegar M, Siavashi B, Golbakhsh M, Mortazavi SJ. Mortality rate and quality of life in patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated with dynamic hip screw. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2022;8(2):52-6. doi: 10.18502/jost.v8i2.9311
10. Imam Z, Odish F, Gill I, O'Connor D, Armstrong J, Vanood A, et al. Older age and comorbidity are independent mortality predictors in a large cohort of 1305 COVID-19 patients in Michigan, United States. J Intern Med. 2020;288(4):469-76. doi:
10.1111/joim.13119. [PubMed: 32498135]. [PubMed Central: PMC7300881].
11. Thakrar A, Chui K, Kapoor A, Hambidge J. Thirty-day mortality rate of patients with hip fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic: A single centre prospective study in the United Kingdom. J Orthop Trauma. 2020;34(9):e325-e329. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000001889. [PubMed: 32815846]. [PubMed Central: PMC7446986].
12. Dallari D, Zagra L, Cimatti P, Guindani N, D'Apolito R, Bove F, et al. Early mortality in hip fracture patients admitted during first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Italy: A multicentre study. J Orthop Traumatol. 2021;22(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s10195-021-00577-9. [PubMed: 33818650]. [PubMed Central: PMC8020826].
13. Egol KA, Konda SR, Bird ML, Dedhia N, Landes EK, Ranson RA, et al. Increased mortality and major complications in hip fracture care during the COVID-19 pandemic: A New York City Perspective. J Orthop Trauma. 2020;34(8):395-402. doi:
10.1097/BOT.0000000000001845.[PubMed:32482976].
[PubMed Central: PMC7302075].
14. Sawhney C, Singh Y, Jain K, Sawhney R, Trikha A. Trauma care and COVID-19 pandemic. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2020;36(Suppl 1):S115-S120. doi: 10.4103/joacp.JOACP_272_20. [PubMed: 33100659]. [PubMed Central: PMC7573987].
15. Nunez JH, Sallent A, Lakhani K, Guerra-Farfan E, Vidal N, Ekhtiari S, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on an emergency traumatology service: Experience at a tertiary trauma centre in Spain. Injury. 2020;51(7):1414-8. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.05.016. [PubMed: 32405089]. [PubMed Central: PMC7219366].
16. Asadi K, Soleimanmanesh Y, Keymoradzadeh A, Soleimanmanesh N. Primary total hip arthroplasty versus open reduction and internal fixation in displaced fracture of femoral neck in adults. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2021;6(4):82-5. doi: 10.18502/jost.v6i4.5562
17. Clement ND, Ng N, Simpson CJ, Patton RFL, Hall AJ, Simpson AHRW, et al. The prevalence, mortality, and associated risk factors for developing COVID-19 in hip fracture patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(12):873-83. doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.912.BJR-2020-0473.R1. [PubMed: 33350316]. [PubMed Central: PMC9021904].
18. Mueller M, Boettner F, Karczewski D, Janz V, Felix S, Kramer A, et al. Dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic in orthopaedics: Experiences and procedure in Germany. Bone Jt Open. 2020;1(6):309-15. doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.16.BJO-2020-0067.R1. [PubMed: 33215119]. [PubMed Central: PMC7659682].
19. Awad ME, Rumley JCL, Vazquez JA, Devine JG. Perioperative considerations in urgent surgical care of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 orthopaedic patients: Operating room protocols and recommendations in the current COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020;28(11):451-63. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-00227. [PubMed: 32282441]. [PubMed Central: PMC7197335].
20. Abolghasemian M, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Enayatollahi M, Honarmand K, Kachooei AR, Mehdipoor S, et al. Iranian Orthopedic Association (IOA) Response Guidance to COVID-19 Pandemic April 2020. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2020;8(Suppl 1):209-17. doi: 10.22038/ABJS.2020.47678.2370. [PubMed: 32733977]. [PubMed Central: PMC7296590].
21. Gao SS, Wang YJ, Zhang GX, Zhang WT. Rehabilitation guidance for hip fracture patients during the COVID-19 pandemic using chat software: A new model. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2021;34(3):337-42. doi: 10.3233/BMR-200324. [PubMed: 33896813].
22. Chui K, Thakrar A, Shankar S. Evaluating the efficacy of a two-site ('COVID-19' and 'COVID-19-free') trauma and orthopaedic service for the management of hip fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Bone Jt Open. 2020;1(6):190-7. doi: 10.1302/2633-1462.16.BJO-2020-0035.R1. [PubMed: 33225288]. [PubMed Central: PMC7677720].
23. Khabiri SS, Nabian MH, Zeynolabedin H, Veisi J, Rastgou V, Naderi M, et al. Changes in fracture epidemiology due to COVID-19 crisis; a letter to editor. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2020;8(1):63. [PubMed: 33134958]. [PubMed Central: PMC7587991].
24. Khak M, Shakiba S, Rabie H, Naseramini R, Nabian MH. Descriptive epidemiology of traumatic injuries during the first lockdown period of COVID-19 crisis in Iran: A multicenter study. Asian J Sports Med. 2020; 11(2): covidwho-829500.
25. Jarvis S, Salottolo K, Madayag R, Pekarek J, Nwafo N, Wessel A, et al. Delayed hospital admission for traumatic hip fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):237. doi: 10.1186/s13018-021-02382-w
26. Serra-Torres M, Barreda R, Weaver D, Torres-Reveron A. Delayed presentation of patients with hip fractures during the COVID-19 "Stay-at-Home" Order in the Southmost Region of the United States. Adv Orthop. 2021;2021:8822004. doi:
10.1155/2021/8822004. [PubMed: 33643668]. [PubMed Central:
PMC7902137].
27. Meinberg EG, Agel J, Roberts CS, Karam MD, Kellam JF. Fracture and dislocation classification compendium-2018. J Orthop
Trauma. 2018;32(Suppl 1):S1-S170. doi:
10.1097/BOT.0000000000001063. [PubMed: 29256945].
28. Michel JP, Klopfenstein C, Hoffmeyer P, Stern R, Grab B. Hip fracture surgery: Is the pre-operative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score a predictor of functional outcome? Aging Clin Exp Res. 2002;14(5):389-94. doi: 10.1007/BF03324467. [PubMed: 12602574].
29. Maniscalco P, Poggiali E, Quattrini F, Ciatti C, Magnacavallo A, Vercelli A, et al. Proximal femur fractures in COVID-19 emergency: The experience of two Orthopedics and Traumatology Departments in the first eight weeks of the Italian epidemic. Acta Biomed. 2020;91(2):89-96. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9636. [PubMed: 32420932]. [PubMed Central: PMC7569630].
30. Hall AJ, Clement ND, MacLullich AMJ, White TO, Duckworth AD. IMPACT-Scot 2 report on COVID-19 in hip fracture patients. Bone Joint J. 2021;103-B(5):888-97. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.103B.BJJ-2020-2027.R1. [PubMed: 33487012].
31. Hall AJ, Clement ND, MacLullich AMJ, Ojeda-Thies C, Hoefer C, Brent L, et al. IMPACT of COVID-19 on hip fracture services: A global survey by the International Multicentre Project Auditing COVID-19 in Trauma & Orthopaedics. Surgeon. 2022;20(4):237-40. doi: 10.1016/j.surge.2021.04.007. [PubMed: 34103268]. [PubMed Central: PMC8141714].
32. Munoz Vives JM, Jornet-Gibert M, Camara-Cabrera J, Esteban PL, Brunet L, Delgado-Flores L, et al. Mortality rates of patients with proximal femoral fracture in a worldwide pandemic: Preliminary results of the Spanish HIP-COVID Observational Study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2020;102(13):e69. doi:
10.2106/JBJS.20.00686. [PubMed: 32618917]. [PubMed Central: PMC7396221].
33. Xu BY, Yan S, Low LL, Vasanwala FF, Low SG. Predictors of poor functional outcomes and mortality in patients with hip fracture: A systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20(1):568. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2950-0. [PubMed: 31775693]. [PubMed Central: PMC6882152].
34. Tsantes AG, Papadopoulos DV, Trikoupis IG, Goumenos S, Piovani D, Tsante KA, et al. The procoagulant effect of COVID-19 on the thrombotic risk of patients with hip fractures due to enhanced clot strength and fibrinolysis shutdown. J Clin Med. 2021;10(15). doi: 10.3390/jcm10153397. [PubMed: 34362178]. [PubMed Central: PMC8347467].
35. Kayani B, Onochie E, Patil V, Begum F, Cuthbert R, Ferguson D, et al. The effects of COVID-19 on perioperative morbidity and mortality in patients with hip fractures. Bone Joint J. 2020; 102-B(9):1136-45. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.102B9.BJJ-2020-1127.R1. [PubMed: 32634023].
36. Patell R, Bogue T, Koshy A, Bindal P, Merrill M, Aird WC, et al. Postdischarge thrombosis and hemorrhage in patients with
COVID-19. Blood. 2020;136(11):1342-6. doi: 10.1182/blood.2020007938. [PubMed: 32766883]. [PubMed Central: PMC7483433].
37. Quiros AH, Crespo-Robledo P, Arribalzaga JK, Plo-Seco I, Martinez Simon JJ, Perez FE, et al. Effectiveness of antithrombotic prophylaxis in hospitalised patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2021. doi: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-002877. [PubMed: 34649964]. [PubMed Central: PMC8523220].
38. Bertoletti L, Bikdeli B, Zuily S, Blondon M, Mismetti P. Thromboprophylaxis strategies to improve the prognosis of
COVID-19. Vascul Pharmacol. 2021;139:106883. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106883. [PubMed: 34091065]. [PubMed Central: PMC8177305].
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9, No 1 (2023) | |
| Section | Research Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jost.v9i1.12567 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Coronavirus COVID-19 Mortality Hip Fractures | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Khabiri SS, Biglari F, Jafari Kafiabadi M, Sadighi M, Ebrahimpour A, Sabaghzadeh A. Comparison of One-Year Mortality Rates in Patients with Peritrochantric Hip Fractures during and Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2023;9(1):26-30.
