Definition and Classifications of Kienbock Disease in the Past 100 Years: A Review of the Evidence
-
Mazaher Ebrahimian
,
Mir Mansour Moazen Jamshidi
,
Behzad Enayati
,
Amir Reza Mafi
,
Amir Hosein Mafi
,
Alireza Moharrami
Abstract
Kienbock disease (KD) was described by Robert Kienbock in 1910 as osteomalacia of the lunate. A century has passed since the first description of KD, and numerous theories, classifications, and treatments have been published for achieving the best outcomes for this disease, but the treatments remain controversial among surgeons. Various classifications have been proposed for KD based on radiography, MRI, arthroscopy, and morphology from 1947 to 2017. Recently, the pioneers of KD (Lichtman and Bain) proposed a new classification based on all the previous classification (radiographic, MRI, and Arthroscopy). This classification seems to be the best evaluation method and treatment for KD. We recommend using this new classification for assessment of Kienbock disease.
1. Kienbock R. Concerning traumatic malacia of the lunate and its consequences: joint degeneration and compression. Fortsch Geb Roentgen. 1910;16:77-103.
2. Müller W. Über die Erweichung und Verdichtung des Os lunatum, eine typische Erkrankung des Handgelenks. Beitr Klin Chir. 1920;119:664.
3. Bain GI, MacLean SBM, Yeo CJ, Perilli E, Lichtman DM. The etiology and pathogenesis of Kienböck disease. Journal of wrist surgery. 2016;5(04):248-54.
4. Ringsted A, Mb D. Kienböck bei 2 Brüdern. Acta Chir Scand. 1932;69:185-96.
5. Stahl F. On lunomalacia (Kienbock's Disease): A clinical and roentgenological study, especially on its pathogenesis and the late results of immobilization treatment. Acta Chir Scand [Suppl]. 1947;126:3-133.
6. Lichtman D, Mack G, MacDonald R, Gunther S, Wilson J. Kienböck's disease: the role of silicone replacement arthroplasty. The Journal of bone and joint surgery American volume. 1977;59(7):899-908.
7. Bain GI, Begg M. Arthroscopic assessment and classification of Kienbock's disease. Techniques in hand & upper extremity surgery. 2006;10(1):8-13.
8. Bain GI, Lichtman D. Algorithmic treatment of Kienböck disease; beyond staging. Techniques in hand & upper extremity surgery. 2011;15(1):32.
9. Schmitt R, Heinze A, Fellner F, Obletter N, Strühn R, Bautz W. Imaging and staging of avascular osteonecroses at the wrist and hand. European journal of radiology. 1997;25(2):92-103.
10. Lichtman DM, Pientka II WF, Bain GI. Kienböck disease: a new algorithm for the 21st century. Journal of wrist surgery. 2017;6(01):002-10.
11. Danoff JR, Cuellar DO, Jane O, Strauch RJ. The management of Kienböck disease: a survey of the ASSH membership. Journal of wrist surgery. 2015;4(01):043-8.
12. Bain GI, Smith ML, Watts AC. Arthroscopic core decompression of the lunate in early stage Kienbock disease of the lunate. Techniques in hand & upper extremity surgery. 2011;15(1):66-9.
13. Afshar A, Eivaziatashbeik K. Long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of radial shortening osteotomy and vascularized bone graft in Kienböck disease. The Journal of hand surgery. 2013;38(2):289-96.
14. Watanabe T, Takahara M, Tsuchida H, Yamahara S, Kikuchi N, Ogino T. Long-term follow-up of radial shortening osteotomy for Kienböck disease. JBJS. 2008;90(8):1705-11.
15. Matsui Y, Funakoshi T, Motomiya M, Urita A, Minami M, Iwasaki N. Radial shortening osteotomy for Kienböck disease: minimum 10-year follow-up. The Journal of hand surgery. 2014;39(4):679-85.
16. Ilyas AM. Proximal row carpectomy with a dorsal capsule interposition flap. Techniques in hand & upper extremity surgery. 2010;14(3):136-40.
17. Pisano SM, Peimer CA, Wheeler DR, Sherwin F. Scaphocapitate intercarpal arthrodesis. The Journal of hand surgery. 1991;16(2):328-33.
18. Luegmair M, Saffar P. Scaphocapitate arthrodesis for treatment of late stage Kienböck disease. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2014;39(4):416-22.
19. Rhee PC, Lin IC, Moran SL, Bishop AT, Shin AY. Scaphocapitate arthrodesis for Kienböck disease. The Journal of hand surgery. 2015;40(4):745-51.
20. MacLean SB, Bain GI. Long-Term Outcome of Surgical Treatment for Kienböck Disease Using an Articular-Based Classification. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2021;46(5):386-95.
21. Lichtman DM, Degnan GG. Staging and its use in the determination of treatment modalities for Kienböck's disease. Hand clinics. 1993;9(3):409-16.
22. Lichtman D, Lesley N, Simmons S. The classification and treatment of Kienböck’s disease: the state of the art and a look at the future. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2010;35(7):549-54.
23. Schmitt R, Kalb K. Imaging in Kienböck's disease. Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, Plastische Chirurgie: Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie: Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse: Organ der V. 2010;42(3):162-70.
24. Bain GI, MacLean SB, Tse W-L, Ho P-C, Lichtman DM. Kienböck disease and arthroscopy: assessment, classification, and treatment. Journal of wrist surgery. 2016;5(04):255-60.
2. Müller W. Über die Erweichung und Verdichtung des Os lunatum, eine typische Erkrankung des Handgelenks. Beitr Klin Chir. 1920;119:664.
3. Bain GI, MacLean SBM, Yeo CJ, Perilli E, Lichtman DM. The etiology and pathogenesis of Kienböck disease. Journal of wrist surgery. 2016;5(04):248-54.
4. Ringsted A, Mb D. Kienböck bei 2 Brüdern. Acta Chir Scand. 1932;69:185-96.
5. Stahl F. On lunomalacia (Kienbock's Disease): A clinical and roentgenological study, especially on its pathogenesis and the late results of immobilization treatment. Acta Chir Scand [Suppl]. 1947;126:3-133.
6. Lichtman D, Mack G, MacDonald R, Gunther S, Wilson J. Kienböck's disease: the role of silicone replacement arthroplasty. The Journal of bone and joint surgery American volume. 1977;59(7):899-908.
7. Bain GI, Begg M. Arthroscopic assessment and classification of Kienbock's disease. Techniques in hand & upper extremity surgery. 2006;10(1):8-13.
8. Bain GI, Lichtman D. Algorithmic treatment of Kienböck disease; beyond staging. Techniques in hand & upper extremity surgery. 2011;15(1):32.
9. Schmitt R, Heinze A, Fellner F, Obletter N, Strühn R, Bautz W. Imaging and staging of avascular osteonecroses at the wrist and hand. European journal of radiology. 1997;25(2):92-103.
10. Lichtman DM, Pientka II WF, Bain GI. Kienböck disease: a new algorithm for the 21st century. Journal of wrist surgery. 2017;6(01):002-10.
11. Danoff JR, Cuellar DO, Jane O, Strauch RJ. The management of Kienböck disease: a survey of the ASSH membership. Journal of wrist surgery. 2015;4(01):043-8.
12. Bain GI, Smith ML, Watts AC. Arthroscopic core decompression of the lunate in early stage Kienbock disease of the lunate. Techniques in hand & upper extremity surgery. 2011;15(1):66-9.
13. Afshar A, Eivaziatashbeik K. Long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of radial shortening osteotomy and vascularized bone graft in Kienböck disease. The Journal of hand surgery. 2013;38(2):289-96.
14. Watanabe T, Takahara M, Tsuchida H, Yamahara S, Kikuchi N, Ogino T. Long-term follow-up of radial shortening osteotomy for Kienböck disease. JBJS. 2008;90(8):1705-11.
15. Matsui Y, Funakoshi T, Motomiya M, Urita A, Minami M, Iwasaki N. Radial shortening osteotomy for Kienböck disease: minimum 10-year follow-up. The Journal of hand surgery. 2014;39(4):679-85.
16. Ilyas AM. Proximal row carpectomy with a dorsal capsule interposition flap. Techniques in hand & upper extremity surgery. 2010;14(3):136-40.
17. Pisano SM, Peimer CA, Wheeler DR, Sherwin F. Scaphocapitate intercarpal arthrodesis. The Journal of hand surgery. 1991;16(2):328-33.
18. Luegmair M, Saffar P. Scaphocapitate arthrodesis for treatment of late stage Kienböck disease. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2014;39(4):416-22.
19. Rhee PC, Lin IC, Moran SL, Bishop AT, Shin AY. Scaphocapitate arthrodesis for Kienböck disease. The Journal of hand surgery. 2015;40(4):745-51.
20. MacLean SB, Bain GI. Long-Term Outcome of Surgical Treatment for Kienböck Disease Using an Articular-Based Classification. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2021;46(5):386-95.
21. Lichtman DM, Degnan GG. Staging and its use in the determination of treatment modalities for Kienböck's disease. Hand clinics. 1993;9(3):409-16.
22. Lichtman D, Lesley N, Simmons S. The classification and treatment of Kienböck’s disease: the state of the art and a look at the future. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2010;35(7):549-54.
23. Schmitt R, Kalb K. Imaging in Kienböck's disease. Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, Plastische Chirurgie: Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie: Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse: Organ der V. 2010;42(3):162-70.
24. Bain GI, MacLean SB, Tse W-L, Ho P-C, Lichtman DM. Kienböck disease and arthroscopy: assessment, classification, and treatment. Journal of wrist surgery. 2016;5(04):255-60.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9 No 4 (2023) | |
| Section | Review Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jost.v9i4.13929 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Kienbock Disease Classification Definition Lunate History | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Ebrahimian M, Moazen Jamshidi MM, Enayati B, Mafi AR, Mafi AH, Moharrami A. Definition and Classifications of Kienbock Disease in the Past 100 Years: A Review of the Evidence. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2023;9(4):160-3.
