The Effect of Stretching, Foam Rolling, and FIFA 11+ Warm-ups on Performance and Pain in Athletes with Knee Pain
,
Abstract
Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is the most prevalent disease of the knee. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of various warm-up methods on several performance measures and pain intensity in athletes with and without PFPS.
Methods: This clinical trial study included 18 to 24-year-old professional female athletes with or without PFPS. Both groups performed warm-up protocols, including general stretching, foam rolling, and Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ warm-up exercises in three test sessions simultaneously. The data collection procedure was implemented on three separate days in one week. Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) to measure the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) and Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) were examined before and after each session.
Results: No significant difference was observed between the effect of different warm-ups in groups with and without PFPS regarding the use of the SSC (P = 0.185), while there were significant differences in the effect of various warm-up protocols on LESS (P < 0.001) and pain scores (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Using the foam roller as a warm-up method can decrease the pain intensity in athletes with PFPS but may increase their LESS score. In addition, there was no difference in the effect of various warm-up methods on the SSC between athletes with and without PFPS. Finally, it seems that foam rolling should be used with more caution as a part of warming up in athletes with PFPS.
1. Davis IS, Powers CM. Patellofemoral pain syndrome: proximal, distal, and local factors, an international retreat, April 30-May 2, 2009, Fells Point, Baltimore, MD. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010;40(3):A1-16. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2010.0302. [PubMed: 20195028].
2. Boling M, Padua D, Marshall S, Guskiewicz K, Pyne S, Beutler A. Gender differences in the incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20(5):725-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00996.x. [PubMed: 19765240]. [PubMed Central: PMC2895959].
3. Rothermich MA, Glaviano NR, Li J, Hart JM. Patellofemoral pain: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options. Clin Sports Med. 2015;34(2):313-27. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2014.12.011. [PubMed: 25818716].
4. Tavana B, Azizi S, Najafi S, Taftian E, Maghbouli N. The effectiveness of intra-articular injection of hypertonic saline in pain control and function of patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2020;5(1):21-24. doi: 10.18502/jost.v5i1.3320.
5. Sarzaeem MM, Maniei E, Sahebalzamani MA. Mid term outcome of home-based exercises vs. sophisticated physiotherapy protocol after total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2017;3(1):e11197. doi: 10.5812/jost.11197.
6. Meira EP, Brumitt J. Influence of the hip on patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: A systematic review. Sports Health. 2011;3(5):455-65. doi: 10.1177/1941738111415006. [PubMed: 23016043]. [PubMed Central: PMC3445210].
7. Hudson Z, Darthuy E. Iliotibial band tightness and patellofemoral pain syndrome: A case-control study. Man Ther. 2009;14(2):147-51. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2007.12.009. [PubMed: 18313972].
8. Redd M. Mechanical and physical characteristics of knee flexors and extensors following different warm up protocols in collegiate male soccer athletes [PhD Thesis]. Orlando, FL: University of Central Florida; 2018.
9. Breda SJ, van der Velist A, de Vos RJ, Krestin GP, Oei EHG. The association between patellar tendon stiffness measured with shear-wave elastography and patellar tendinopathy-a case- control study. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(11):5942-51. doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06952-0. [PubMed: 32500197]. [PubMed Central: PMC7553897].
10. Zago J, Amatuzzi F, Rondinel T, Matheus JP. Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Versus Exercise Program in Runners With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sport Rehabil. 2020;30(4):609-18. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0108. [PubMed: 33333491].
11. Fradkin AJ, Zazryn TR, Smoliga JM. Effects of warming-up on physical performance: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(1):140-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c643a0. [PubMed: 19996770].
12. Haff GG, Triplett NT. Essentials of strength training and conditioning. 4th ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2015.
13. Morales-Artacho AJ, Lacourpaille L, Guilhem G. Effects of warm-up on hamstring muscles stiffness: Cycling vs foam rolling. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017;27(12):1959-69. doi: 10.1111/sms.12832. [PubMed: 28124382].
14. Emery CA, Pasanen K. Current trends in sport injury prevention. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2019;33(1):3-15. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.02.009. [PubMed: 31431273].
15. Curran PF, Fiore RD, Crisco JJ. A comparison of the pressure exerted on soft tissue by 2 myofascial rollers. J Sport Rehabil. 2008;17(4):432-42. doi: 10.1123/jsr.17.4.432. [PubMed: 19160916].
16. Huang SY, Di Santo M, Wadden KP, Cappa DF, Alkanani T, Behm DG. Short-duration massage at the hamstrings musculotendinous junction induces greater range of motion. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(7):1917-24. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e06e0c. [PubMed: 20543728].
17. Hendricks S, Hill H, Hollander SD, Lombard W, Parker R. Effects of foam rolling on performance and recovery: A systematic review of the literature to guide practitioners on the use of foam rolling. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020;24(2):151-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.10.019. [PubMed: 32507141].
18. Cheatham SW, Kolber MJ, Cain M, Lee M. The effects of self-myofascial release using a foam roll or roller massager on joint range of motion, muscle recovery, and performance: A systematic review. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2015;10(6):827-38. [PubMed: 26618062]. [PubMed Central: PMC4637917].
19. Peacock CA, Krein DD, Antonio J, Sanders GJ, Silver TA, Colas M. Comparing acute bouts of sagittal plane progression foam rolling vs. frontal plane progression foam rolling. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(8):2310-5. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000867. [PubMed: 25647651].
20. BehmDG,AlizadehS,HadjizadehAS,MahmoudMMI,Ramsay E, Hanlon C, et al. Foam rolling prescription: A clinical commentary. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34(11):3301-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003765. [PubMed: 33105383].
21. Akbari H, Sahebozamani M, Daneshjoo A, Amiri-Khorasani M. Effect of the FIFA 11+ Programme on vertical jump performance in elite male youth soccer players. Monten J Sports Sci Med. 2018;7(2):17-22. doi: 10.26773/mjssm.180903.
22. Barengo NC, Meneses-Echavez JF, Ramirez-Velez R, Cohen DD, Tovar G, Bautista JE. The impact of the FIFA 11+ training program on injury prevention in football players: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(11):11986-2000. doi: 10.3390/ijerph111111986. [PubMed: 25415209]. [PubMed Central: PMC4245655].
23. Erkut O, Gelen E, Sunar C. Acute effects of different warm-up methods on dynamic balance. International Journal of Sports Science. 2017;7(3):99-104. doi: 10.5923/j.sports.20170703.01.
24. Small K, Mc NL, Matthews M. A systematic review into the efficacy of static stretching as part of a warm-up for the prevention of exercise-related injury. Res Sports Med. 2008;16(3):213-31. doi: 10.1080/15438620802310784. [PubMed: 18785063].
25. Cheatham SW, Stull KR. Comparison of three different density type foam rollers on knee range of motion and pressure pain threshold: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2018;13(3):474-82. [PubMed: 30038833]. [PubMed Central: PMC6044602].
26. Alghadir AH, Anwer S, Iqbal A, Iqbal ZA. Test-retest reliability, validity, and minimum detectable change of visual analog, numerical rating, and verbal rating scales for measurement of osteoarthritic knee pain. J Pain Res. 2018;11:851-6. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S158847. [PubMed: 29731662]. [PubMed Central: PMC5927184].
27. Katz J, Melzack R. Measurement of pain. Surg Clin North Am. 1999;79(2):231-52. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(05)70381-9. [PubMed: 10352653].
28. Padua DA, Marshall SW, Boling MC, Thigpen CA, Garrett WE, Beutler AI. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is a valid and reliable clinical assessment tool of jump-landing biomechanics: The JUMP-ACL study. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(10):1996-2002. doi: 10.1177/0363546509343200. [PubMed: 19726623].
29. Leif H. Evaluation of biomechanical risk factors in division ii collegiate female athletes using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) after an 8-week neuromuscular training program [MSc Thesis]. Fargo, North Dako: North Dakota State University; 2013.
30. Hanzlikova I, Hebert-Losier K. Is the Landing Error Scoring System reliable and valid? A systematic review. Sports Health. 2020;12(2):181-8. doi: 10.1177/1941738119886593. [PubMed: 31961778]. [PubMed Central: PMC7040940].
31. Markovic G, Dizdar D, Jukic I, Cardinale M. Reliability and factorial validity of squat and countermovement jump tests. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18(3):551-5. doi: 10.1519/1533- 4287(2004)18<551:RAFVOS>2.0.CO;2. [PubMed: 15320660].
32. Bushong JR. Foam rolling as a warm-up: The effect on lower extremity flexibility compared to aerobic and stretching protocols [MSc Thesis]. Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas; 2011.
33. Sadigursky D, Braid JA, De Lira DNL, Machado BAB, Carneiro RJF, Colavolpe PO. The FIFA 11+ injury prevention program for soccer players: A systematic review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2017;9:18. doi: 10.1186/s13102-017-0083-z. [PubMed: 29209504]. [PubMed Central: PMC5704377].
34. Bizzini M, Junge A, Dvorak J. Implementation of the FIFA 11+ football warm up program: how to approach and convince the Football associations to invest in prevention. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(12):803-6. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-092124. [PubMed: 23813485]. [PubMed Central: PMC3717809].
35. Kallerud H, Gleeson N. Effects of stretching on performances involving stretch-shortening cycles. Sports Med. 2013;43(8): 733-50. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0053-x. [PubMed: 23681447].
36. Groeber M, Stafilidis S, Baca A. The effect of stretch-shortening magnitude and muscle-tendon unit length on performance enhancement in a stretch-shortening cycle. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):14605. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94046-2. [PubMed: 34272461]. [PubMed Central: PMC8285374].
37. Pedley JS, Lloyd RS, Read PJ, Moore IS, Myer GD, Oliver JL. A novel method to categorize stretch-shortening cycle performance across maturity in youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2022;36(9):2573-80. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003900. [PubMed: 33278273]. [PubMed Central: PMC8172663].
38. Boguszewski D, Falkowska M, Adamczyk J, Bialoszewski D. Influence of foam rolling on the functional limitations of the musculoskeletal system in healthy women. Biomed Hum Kinet. 2017;9(1):75-81. doi: 10.1515/bhk-2017-0012.
39. Aune AAG, Bishop C, Turner AN, Papadopoulos K, Budd S, Richardson M, et al. Acute and chronic effects of foam rolling vs eccentric exercise on ROM and force output of the plantar flexors. J Sports Sci. 2019;37(2):138-45. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1486000. [PubMed: 29893193].
40. Bushell JE, Dawson SM, Webster MM. Clinical relevance of foam rolling on hip extension angle in a functional lunge position. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(9):2397-403. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000888. [PubMed: 25734777].
41. Everard E, Lyons M, Harrison AJ. Examining the association of injury with the Functional Movement Screen and Landing Error Scoring System in military recruits undergoing 16 weeks of introductory fitness training. J Sci Med Sport. 2018;21(6): 569-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.05.013. [PubMed: 29428504].
42. David E, Amasay T, Ludwig K, Shapiro S. The effect of foam rolling of the hamstrings on proprioception at the knee and hip joints. Int J Exerc Sci. 2019;12(1):343-54. [PubMed: 30899339]. [PubMed Central: PMC6413844].
43. Junker DH, Stoggl TL. The foam roll as a tool to improve hamstring flexibility. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(12):3480-5. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001007. [PubMed: 25992660].
44. Nakamura M, Onuma R, Kiyono R, Yasaka K, Sato S, Yahata K, et al. The acute and prolonged effects of different durations of foam rolling on range of motion, muscle stiffness, and muscle strength. J Sports Sci Med. 2021;20(1):62-8. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2021.62. [PubMed: 33707988]. [PubMed Central: PMC7919347].
45. Li L, Huang F, Huang Q, Liu L, Opoku AE, Nguyen T. Compression of myofascial trigger points with a foam roller or ball for exercise-induced anterior knee pain: A randomized controlled trial. Altern Ther Health Med. 2020;26(3):16-23. [PubMed: 32445557].
46. Chen Z, Wu J, Wang X, Wu J, Ren Z. The effects of myofascial release technique for patients with low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2021;59:102737. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102737. [PubMed: 33984499].
47. Cheatham SW, Baker R. Differences in pressure pain threshold among men and women after foam rolling. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017;21(4):978-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.06.006. [PubMed: 29037655].
48. Nakamura M, Konrad A, Kiyono R, Sato S, Yahata K, Yoshida R, et al. Local and Non-local Effects of Foam Rolling on Passive Soft Tissue Properties and Spinal Excitability. Front Physiol. 2021;12:702042. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.702042. [PubMed: 34248682]. [PubMed Central: PMC8267519].
2. Boling M, Padua D, Marshall S, Guskiewicz K, Pyne S, Beutler A. Gender differences in the incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20(5):725-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00996.x. [PubMed: 19765240]. [PubMed Central: PMC2895959].
3. Rothermich MA, Glaviano NR, Li J, Hart JM. Patellofemoral pain: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options. Clin Sports Med. 2015;34(2):313-27. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2014.12.011. [PubMed: 25818716].
4. Tavana B, Azizi S, Najafi S, Taftian E, Maghbouli N. The effectiveness of intra-articular injection of hypertonic saline in pain control and function of patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2020;5(1):21-24. doi: 10.18502/jost.v5i1.3320.
5. Sarzaeem MM, Maniei E, Sahebalzamani MA. Mid term outcome of home-based exercises vs. sophisticated physiotherapy protocol after total knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2017;3(1):e11197. doi: 10.5812/jost.11197.
6. Meira EP, Brumitt J. Influence of the hip on patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: A systematic review. Sports Health. 2011;3(5):455-65. doi: 10.1177/1941738111415006. [PubMed: 23016043]. [PubMed Central: PMC3445210].
7. Hudson Z, Darthuy E. Iliotibial band tightness and patellofemoral pain syndrome: A case-control study. Man Ther. 2009;14(2):147-51. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2007.12.009. [PubMed: 18313972].
8. Redd M. Mechanical and physical characteristics of knee flexors and extensors following different warm up protocols in collegiate male soccer athletes [PhD Thesis]. Orlando, FL: University of Central Florida; 2018.
9. Breda SJ, van der Velist A, de Vos RJ, Krestin GP, Oei EHG. The association between patellar tendon stiffness measured with shear-wave elastography and patellar tendinopathy-a case- control study. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(11):5942-51. doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06952-0. [PubMed: 32500197]. [PubMed Central: PMC7553897].
10. Zago J, Amatuzzi F, Rondinel T, Matheus JP. Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Versus Exercise Program in Runners With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sport Rehabil. 2020;30(4):609-18. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0108. [PubMed: 33333491].
11. Fradkin AJ, Zazryn TR, Smoliga JM. Effects of warming-up on physical performance: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(1):140-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c643a0. [PubMed: 19996770].
12. Haff GG, Triplett NT. Essentials of strength training and conditioning. 4th ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2015.
13. Morales-Artacho AJ, Lacourpaille L, Guilhem G. Effects of warm-up on hamstring muscles stiffness: Cycling vs foam rolling. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017;27(12):1959-69. doi: 10.1111/sms.12832. [PubMed: 28124382].
14. Emery CA, Pasanen K. Current trends in sport injury prevention. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2019;33(1):3-15. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.02.009. [PubMed: 31431273].
15. Curran PF, Fiore RD, Crisco JJ. A comparison of the pressure exerted on soft tissue by 2 myofascial rollers. J Sport Rehabil. 2008;17(4):432-42. doi: 10.1123/jsr.17.4.432. [PubMed: 19160916].
16. Huang SY, Di Santo M, Wadden KP, Cappa DF, Alkanani T, Behm DG. Short-duration massage at the hamstrings musculotendinous junction induces greater range of motion. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(7):1917-24. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e06e0c. [PubMed: 20543728].
17. Hendricks S, Hill H, Hollander SD, Lombard W, Parker R. Effects of foam rolling on performance and recovery: A systematic review of the literature to guide practitioners on the use of foam rolling. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020;24(2):151-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.10.019. [PubMed: 32507141].
18. Cheatham SW, Kolber MJ, Cain M, Lee M. The effects of self-myofascial release using a foam roll or roller massager on joint range of motion, muscle recovery, and performance: A systematic review. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2015;10(6):827-38. [PubMed: 26618062]. [PubMed Central: PMC4637917].
19. Peacock CA, Krein DD, Antonio J, Sanders GJ, Silver TA, Colas M. Comparing acute bouts of sagittal plane progression foam rolling vs. frontal plane progression foam rolling. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(8):2310-5. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000867. [PubMed: 25647651].
20. BehmDG,AlizadehS,HadjizadehAS,MahmoudMMI,Ramsay E, Hanlon C, et al. Foam rolling prescription: A clinical commentary. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34(11):3301-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003765. [PubMed: 33105383].
21. Akbari H, Sahebozamani M, Daneshjoo A, Amiri-Khorasani M. Effect of the FIFA 11+ Programme on vertical jump performance in elite male youth soccer players. Monten J Sports Sci Med. 2018;7(2):17-22. doi: 10.26773/mjssm.180903.
22. Barengo NC, Meneses-Echavez JF, Ramirez-Velez R, Cohen DD, Tovar G, Bautista JE. The impact of the FIFA 11+ training program on injury prevention in football players: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(11):11986-2000. doi: 10.3390/ijerph111111986. [PubMed: 25415209]. [PubMed Central: PMC4245655].
23. Erkut O, Gelen E, Sunar C. Acute effects of different warm-up methods on dynamic balance. International Journal of Sports Science. 2017;7(3):99-104. doi: 10.5923/j.sports.20170703.01.
24. Small K, Mc NL, Matthews M. A systematic review into the efficacy of static stretching as part of a warm-up for the prevention of exercise-related injury. Res Sports Med. 2008;16(3):213-31. doi: 10.1080/15438620802310784. [PubMed: 18785063].
25. Cheatham SW, Stull KR. Comparison of three different density type foam rollers on knee range of motion and pressure pain threshold: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2018;13(3):474-82. [PubMed: 30038833]. [PubMed Central: PMC6044602].
26. Alghadir AH, Anwer S, Iqbal A, Iqbal ZA. Test-retest reliability, validity, and minimum detectable change of visual analog, numerical rating, and verbal rating scales for measurement of osteoarthritic knee pain. J Pain Res. 2018;11:851-6. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S158847. [PubMed: 29731662]. [PubMed Central: PMC5927184].
27. Katz J, Melzack R. Measurement of pain. Surg Clin North Am. 1999;79(2):231-52. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(05)70381-9. [PubMed: 10352653].
28. Padua DA, Marshall SW, Boling MC, Thigpen CA, Garrett WE, Beutler AI. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is a valid and reliable clinical assessment tool of jump-landing biomechanics: The JUMP-ACL study. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(10):1996-2002. doi: 10.1177/0363546509343200. [PubMed: 19726623].
29. Leif H. Evaluation of biomechanical risk factors in division ii collegiate female athletes using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) after an 8-week neuromuscular training program [MSc Thesis]. Fargo, North Dako: North Dakota State University; 2013.
30. Hanzlikova I, Hebert-Losier K. Is the Landing Error Scoring System reliable and valid? A systematic review. Sports Health. 2020;12(2):181-8. doi: 10.1177/1941738119886593. [PubMed: 31961778]. [PubMed Central: PMC7040940].
31. Markovic G, Dizdar D, Jukic I, Cardinale M. Reliability and factorial validity of squat and countermovement jump tests. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18(3):551-5. doi: 10.1519/1533- 4287(2004)18<551:RAFVOS>2.0.CO;2. [PubMed: 15320660].
32. Bushong JR. Foam rolling as a warm-up: The effect on lower extremity flexibility compared to aerobic and stretching protocols [MSc Thesis]. Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas; 2011.
33. Sadigursky D, Braid JA, De Lira DNL, Machado BAB, Carneiro RJF, Colavolpe PO. The FIFA 11+ injury prevention program for soccer players: A systematic review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2017;9:18. doi: 10.1186/s13102-017-0083-z. [PubMed: 29209504]. [PubMed Central: PMC5704377].
34. Bizzini M, Junge A, Dvorak J. Implementation of the FIFA 11+ football warm up program: how to approach and convince the Football associations to invest in prevention. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(12):803-6. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-092124. [PubMed: 23813485]. [PubMed Central: PMC3717809].
35. Kallerud H, Gleeson N. Effects of stretching on performances involving stretch-shortening cycles. Sports Med. 2013;43(8): 733-50. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0053-x. [PubMed: 23681447].
36. Groeber M, Stafilidis S, Baca A. The effect of stretch-shortening magnitude and muscle-tendon unit length on performance enhancement in a stretch-shortening cycle. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):14605. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94046-2. [PubMed: 34272461]. [PubMed Central: PMC8285374].
37. Pedley JS, Lloyd RS, Read PJ, Moore IS, Myer GD, Oliver JL. A novel method to categorize stretch-shortening cycle performance across maturity in youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2022;36(9):2573-80. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003900. [PubMed: 33278273]. [PubMed Central: PMC8172663].
38. Boguszewski D, Falkowska M, Adamczyk J, Bialoszewski D. Influence of foam rolling on the functional limitations of the musculoskeletal system in healthy women. Biomed Hum Kinet. 2017;9(1):75-81. doi: 10.1515/bhk-2017-0012.
39. Aune AAG, Bishop C, Turner AN, Papadopoulos K, Budd S, Richardson M, et al. Acute and chronic effects of foam rolling vs eccentric exercise on ROM and force output of the plantar flexors. J Sports Sci. 2019;37(2):138-45. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1486000. [PubMed: 29893193].
40. Bushell JE, Dawson SM, Webster MM. Clinical relevance of foam rolling on hip extension angle in a functional lunge position. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(9):2397-403. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000888. [PubMed: 25734777].
41. Everard E, Lyons M, Harrison AJ. Examining the association of injury with the Functional Movement Screen and Landing Error Scoring System in military recruits undergoing 16 weeks of introductory fitness training. J Sci Med Sport. 2018;21(6): 569-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.05.013. [PubMed: 29428504].
42. David E, Amasay T, Ludwig K, Shapiro S. The effect of foam rolling of the hamstrings on proprioception at the knee and hip joints. Int J Exerc Sci. 2019;12(1):343-54. [PubMed: 30899339]. [PubMed Central: PMC6413844].
43. Junker DH, Stoggl TL. The foam roll as a tool to improve hamstring flexibility. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(12):3480-5. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001007. [PubMed: 25992660].
44. Nakamura M, Onuma R, Kiyono R, Yasaka K, Sato S, Yahata K, et al. The acute and prolonged effects of different durations of foam rolling on range of motion, muscle stiffness, and muscle strength. J Sports Sci Med. 2021;20(1):62-8. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2021.62. [PubMed: 33707988]. [PubMed Central: PMC7919347].
45. Li L, Huang F, Huang Q, Liu L, Opoku AE, Nguyen T. Compression of myofascial trigger points with a foam roller or ball for exercise-induced anterior knee pain: A randomized controlled trial. Altern Ther Health Med. 2020;26(3):16-23. [PubMed: 32445557].
46. Chen Z, Wu J, Wang X, Wu J, Ren Z. The effects of myofascial release technique for patients with low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2021;59:102737. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102737. [PubMed: 33984499].
47. Cheatham SW, Baker R. Differences in pressure pain threshold among men and women after foam rolling. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017;21(4):978-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.06.006. [PubMed: 29037655].
48. Nakamura M, Konrad A, Kiyono R, Sato S, Yahata K, Yoshida R, et al. Local and Non-local Effects of Foam Rolling on Passive Soft Tissue Properties and Spinal Excitability. Front Physiol. 2021;12:702042. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.702042. [PubMed: 34248682]. [PubMed Central: PMC8267519].
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9, No 2 (2023) | |
| Section | Research Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jost.v9i2.12625 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Athletes Warm-Up Exercise Pain Athletic Performance | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Azizan S, Sheikhhoseini R, Piri H, Zamankhanpour M. The Effect of Stretching, Foam Rolling, and FIFA 11+ Warm-ups on Performance and Pain in Athletes with Knee Pain. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2023;9(2):69-73.
