Research Articles

US Sanctions and Their Consequences on Orthopedic Procedures in Iran

Abstract

Background: Sanctions have always been an obstacle for development, even in health and medical topics, since they aim to reduce a country’s financial and economic power, and their impacts on medical and health systems in the objected country are inevitable. In this report, we are going to show the effect of sanctions on orthopedic surgeries in Iran.

Methods: In this study, we surveyed the opinion of 32 orthopedic surgeons about the effect of sanctions on orthopedic procedures.

We evaluated surgeries routinely done in our referral centers in terms of the need for equipment and facilities.

 

Results: In upper limb surgeries, the high cost of equipment has more frequency between answers although, in lower limb surgeries, the changing method due to lack of facilities with worse results than the standard method has more frequency between answers. Both results indicate that sanctions made the feasibility of orthopedic surgeries more difficult.

 

Conclusion: We believe that several actions are needed to take place in the current situation by the international organizations to stop this unreasonable and illogical sanction, to prevent its devastating results.

1. DiLorenzo T. From Pathology to Politics: Public Health in

America. London, UK: Routledge; 2017.

2. Kayyali B, Knott D, Kuiken SV. The'big data'revolution in healthcare: Accelerating value and innovation [Online]. [cited

2013 Apr 1]; Available from: URL: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/the-big-data-revolution-in-us-health-care

3. Kokabisaghi F. Assessment of the effects of economic sanctions on Iranians' right to health by using human rights impact assessment tool: A systematic review. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2018;7(5):374-93. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.147. [PubMed: 29764102]. [PubMed Central: PMC5953521].

4. U.S. Department of the Treasury. Sanctions Programs and Country Information, Iran Sanction [Online]. [cited 2019]; Available from:

URL: https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/sanctions-programs-and-country-information

5. Katzman K, Kerr PK. Iran nuclear agreement. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service; 2016.

6. Petrescu IM. The effects of economic sanctions on the informal economy. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy. 2016;4(4):623-48

7. Langer A, Schroder-Back P, Brink A, Eurich J. The agency problem and medical acting: An example of applying economic theory to medical ethics. Med Health Care Philos. 2009;12(1):99-108. doi: 10.1007/s11019-008-9138-y. [PubMed: 18470634].

8. Omidi-Kashani F. Pedicle subtraction osteotomy in a 5-year-old child with congenital kyphosis. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2015;3(3):204-6. [PubMed: 26213705]. [PubMed Central: PMC4507075].

9. Aslani H, Panjavy B, Bashy RH, Tabrizi A, Nazari B. The efficacy and complications of 2-hole 3.5 mm reconstruction plates and 4 mm noncanulated cancellous screws for temporary hemiepiphysiodesis around the knee. J Pediatr Orthop.
2014;34(4):462-6.doi:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000115.

[PubMed: 24172669].

10. Kamrani RS, Farhadi L, Farhoud AR. Forearm as a valuable source of vascularized bone graft for the distal humerus. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2018;27(3):435-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.09.018. [PubMed: 29248257].

11. Kamrani RS, Mehrpour SR, Aghamirsalim MR, Sorbi R, Zargar BR, Kaya A. Pin and plate fixation in complex distal humerus fractures: Surgical technique and results. Int Orthop. 2012;36(4):839-44. doi: 10.1007/s00264-011-1343-2. [PubMed: 21881883]. [PubMed Central: PMC3311817].

12. Bahari-Kashani M, Taraz-Jamshidy MH, Rahimi H, Ashraf H, Mirkazemy M, Fatehi A, et al. Outcomes of pin and plaster versus locking plate in distal radius intraarticular fractures. Trauma Mon. 2013;17(4):380-5. doi: 10.5812/traumamon.7951. [PubMed: 24350132]. [PubMed Central: PMC3860657].

13. Fakoor M, Mousavi S, Javherizadeh H. Different types of femoral shaft fracture; different types of treatment: Their effects on postoperative lower llimb discrepancy. Pol Przegl Chir. 2011;83(9):477-81. doi: 10.2478/v10035-011-0074-9. [PubMed: 22166735].

14. Mazhar FN, Ebrahimi H, Jafari D, Mirzaei A. Radial head resection versus prosthetic arthroplasty in terrible triad injury: A retrospective comparative cohort study: A retrospective comparative cohort study. Bone Joint J. 2018;100-B(11):1499-505. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.100B11.BJJ-2018-0293.R1. [PubMed: 30418065].
Files
IssueVol 8, No 1 (2022) QRcode
SectionResearch Articles
DOI https://doi.org/10.18502/jost.v8i1.9041
Keywords
Health Services Orthopedic Procedures Sanctions
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Nabian MH, Farhoud AR, Kamrani RS, Oryadi Zanjani L. US Sanctions and Their Consequences on Orthopedic Procedures in Iran. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2022;8(1):20-2.