Internal Fixation Using Screw in Undisplaced Femoral Neck Fracture: Educational Corner
Abstract
No abstract is available.
1. Veronese N, Maggi S. Epidemiology and social costs of hip fracture. Injury. 2018;49(8):1458-60. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.04.015. [PubMed: 29699731].
2. Gullberg B, Johnell O, Kanis JA. World-wide projections for hip fracture. Osteoporos Int. 1997;7(5):407-13. doi: 10.1007/pl00004148. [PubMed: 9425497].
3. Omsland TK, Magnus JH. Forecasting the burden of future postmenopausal hip fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2014;25(10): 2493-6. doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2781-7. [PubMed: 24980184].
4. Garden RS. Stability and union in subcapital fractures of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1964;46:630-47. [PubMed: 14251448].
5. Parker MJ. The management of intracapsular fractures of the proximal femur. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000;82(7):937-41. doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.82b7.11595. [PubMed: 11041577].
6. Onativia IJ, Slullitel PA, Diaz Dilernia F., Gonzales Viezcas JM, Vietto V, Ramkumar PN, et al. Outcomes of nondisplaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures with internal screw fixation in elderly patients: A systematic review. Hip Int. 2018;28(1):18-28. doi: 10.5301/hipint.5000532. [PubMed: 28665454].
7. National Clinical Guideline Centre. The management of hip fracture in adults [Online]. [cited 2011]; Available from: URL: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg124/evidence/full-guideline-pdf-183081997
8. Australian and New Zealand Hip Fracture Registry. Australian and New Zealand guideline for hip fracture care: Improving outcomes in hip fracture management of adults [Online]. cited 2014]; Available from: URL: https://anzhfr.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/ANZ-Guideline-for-Hip-Fracture-Care.pdf
9. American College of Radiology. Acute hip pain-suspected fracture [Online]. [cited 2018]; Available from: URL: https://acsearch.acr.org/docs/3082587/Narrative
10. Alam A, Willett K, Ostlere S. The MRI diagnosis and management of incomplete intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87(9):1253-5. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.87B9.16558. [PubMed: 16129752].
11. Sadozai Z, Davies R, Warner J. The sensitivity of ct scans in diagnosing occult femoral neck fractures. Injury.
2016;47(12):2769-71.doi:10.1016/j.injury.2016.10.019.
[PubMed: 27771042].
12. Raaymakers EL, Marti RK. Non-operative treatment of impacted femoral neck fractures. A prospective study of 170 cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991;73(6):950-4. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.73B6.1955443. [PubMed: 1955443].
13. Taha ME, Audige L, Siegel G, Renner N. Factors predicting secondary displacement after non-operative treatment of undisplaced femoral neck fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2015;135(2):243-9. doi: 10.1007/s00402-014-2139-9. [PubMed: 25550094].
14. Shuqiang M, Kunzheng W, Zhichao T, Mingyu Z, Wei W.
Outcome of non-operative management in Garden I femoral
neck fractures. Injury. 2006;37(10):974-8. doi:
10.1016/j.injury.2006.04.136. [PubMed: 16934263].
15. Buord JM, Flecher X, Parratte S, Boyer L, Aubaniac JM, Argenson JN. Garden I femoral neck fractures in patients 65 years old and older: Is conservative functional treatment a viable option? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2010;96(3):228-34. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2009.11.012. [PubMed: 20488140].
16. Chen WC, Yu SW, Tseng IC, Su JY, Tu YK, Chen WJ. Treatment of undisplaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly. J Trauma. 2005;58(5):1035-9. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000169292.83048.17. [PubMed: 15920421].
17. Phillips JE, Christie J. Undisplaced fracture of the neck of the femur: Results of treatment of 100 patients treated by single Watson-Jones nail fixation. Injury. 1988;19(2):93-6. doi: 10.1016/0020-1383(88)90081-2. [PubMed: 3198273].
18. Bentley G. Treatment of nondisplaced fractures of the femoral neck. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1980;(152):93-101. [PubMed: 7438625].
19. Manninger J, Kazar G, Salacz T, Varga A. Nondisplaced (impacted) femoral neck fracture--conservative or surgical
treatment? Unfallchirurgie. 1990;16(3):116-21. doi: 10.1007/BF02588007. [PubMed: 2382316].
20. Cserhati P, Kazar G, Manninger J, Fekete K, Frenyo S. Non-operative or operative treatment for undisplaced femoral neck fractures: A comparative study of 122 non-operative and
125 operatively treated cases. Injury. 1996;27(8):583-8. doi: 10.1016/s0020-1383(96)00073-3. [PubMed: 8994566].
21. Lowe JA, Crist BD, Bhandari M, Ferguson TA. Optimal treatment of femoral neck fractures according to patient's physiologic age: An evidence-based review. Orthop Clin North Am. 2010;41(2): 157-66. doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2010.01.001. [PubMed: 20399355].
22. Parker MJ, Banajee A. Surgical approaches and ancillary techniques for internal fixation of intracapsular proximal femoral fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(2):CD001705. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001705.pub2. [PubMed: 15846622].
23. Xu DF, Bi FG, Ma CY, Wen ZF, Cai XZ. A systematic review of undisplaced femoral neck fracture treatments for patients over 65 years of age, with a focus on union rates and avascular necrosis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2017;12(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s13018-017-0528-9. [PubMed: 28187745]. [PubMed Central: PMC5301374].
24. Sikand M, Wenn R, Moran CG. Mortality following surgery for undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures. Injury.
2004;35(10):1015-9.doi:10.1016/j.injury.2004.01.004.
[PubMed: 15351669].
25. Stromqvist B, Hansson LI, Nilsson LT, Thorngren KG. Hook-pin fixation in femoral neck fractures. A two-year follow-up study of 300 cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;(218):58-62. [PubMed: 3568496].
26. Hunter GA. Should we abandon primary prosthetic replacement for fresh displaced fractures of the neck of the femur? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1980;(152):158-61. [PubMed: 7438598].
27. Holmberg S, Kalen R, Thorngren KG. Treatment and outcome of femoral neck fractures. An analysis of 2418 patients admitted from their own homes. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;(218):42-52. [PubMed: 3568494].
28. Marais LC, Ferreira N. Management of femoral neck fractures. South African Orthopaedic Association. 2013;12(1):58-62.
29. Yih-Shiunn L, Chien-Rae H, Wen-Yun L. Surgical treatment of undisplaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly. Int Orthop. 2007;31(5):677-82. doi: 10.1007/s00264-006-0243-3. [PubMed: 17033764]. [PubMed Central: PMC2266644].
30. Court-Brown CM, Heckman JD. Rockwood and Green's fractures in adults. New York, NY: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business; 2014.
31. Lee KB, Howe TS, Chang HC. Cancellous screw fixation for femoral neck fractures: One hundred and sixteen patients. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2004;33(2):248-51. [PubMed: 15098643].
32. Koval KJ, Zuckerman JD. Hip Fractures: I. Overview and evaluation and treatment of femoral-neck fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1994;2(3):141-9. doi: 10.5435/00124635-199405000-00002. [PubMed: 10709002].
33. Rogmark C, Carlsson A, Johnell O, Sernbo I. A prospective randomised trial of internal fixation versus arthroplasty for displaced fractures of the neck of the femur. Functional outcome for 450 patients at two years. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84(2):183-8. doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.84b2.11923. [PubMed: 11922358].
34. Dolatowski FC, Frihagen F, Bartels S, Opland V, Saltyte BJ, Talsnes O, et al. Screw fixation versus hemiarthroplasty for nondisplaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019;101(2):136-44. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.18.00316. [PubMed: 30653043].
35. Lu Q, Tang G, Zhao X, Guo S, Cai B, Li Q. Hemiarthroplasty versus internal fixation in super-aged patients with undisplaced femoral neck fractures: A 5-year follow-up of randomized controlled trial. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2017;137(1):27-35. doi: 10.1007/s00402-016-2591-9. [PubMed: 27837321].
36. Dolatowski FC, Randsborg PH, Utvag SE, Jakobsen RB. Comment on the article: Hemiarthroplasty versus internal fixation in super-aged patients with undisplaced femoral neck fractures: a 5-year follow-up of randomized controlled trial. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2017;137(9):1269-70. doi:
10.1007/s00402-017-2746-3. [PubMed: 28710668].
37. Rodriguez-Merchan EC. In situ fixation of nondisplaced intracapsular fractures of the proximal femur. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;(399):42-51. [PubMed: 12011693].
38. Zlowodzki M, Weening B, Petrisor B, Bhandari M. The value of washers in cannulated screw fixation of femoral neck fractures. J Trauma. 2005;59(4):969-75. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000188130.99626.8. [PubMed: 16374290].
39. Sorensen JL, Varmarken JE, Bomler J. Internal fixation of femoral neck fractures. Dynamic Hip and Gouffon screws compared in 73 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 1992;63(3):288-92. doi: 10.3109/17453679209154784. [PubMed: 1609592].
40. Lee YS, Chen SH, Tsuang YH, Huang HL, Lo TY, Huang CR. Internal fixation of undisplaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly: A retrospective comparison of fixation methods. J Trauma. 2008;64(1):155-62. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31802c821c. [PubMed: 18188115].
41. Hui AC, Anderson GH, Choudhry R, Boyle J, Gregg PJ. Internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty for undisplaced fractures of the femoral neck in octogenarians. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1994;76(6):891-4. [PubMed: 7983113].
42. Watson A, Zhang Y, Beattie S, Page RS. Prospective randomized controlled trial comparing dynamic hip screw and screw fixation for undisplaced subcapital hip fractures. ANZ J Surg. 2013;83(9):679-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2012.06256.x. [PubMed: 22998439].
43. Parker MJ, White A, Boyle A. Fixation versus hemiarthroplasty for undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures. Injury. 2008;39(7):791-5. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2008.01.011. [PubMed: 18407277].
44. Probe R, Ward R. Internal fixation of femoral neck fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14(9):565-71. doi: 10.5435/00124635-200609000-00006. [PubMed: 16959894].
45. Biz C, Tagliapietra J, Zonta F, Belluzzi E, Bragazzi NL, Ruggieri P. Predictors of early failure of the cannulated screw system in patients, 65 years and older, with non-displaced femoral neck fractures. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020;32(3):505-13. doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01394-1. [PubMed: 31677126].
46. Clement ND, Green K, Murray N, Duckworth AD, McQueen MM, Court-Brown CM. Undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures in the elderly: Predicting fixation failure and mortality. A prospective study of 162 patients. J Orthop Sci. 2013;18(4): 578-85. doi: 10.1007/s00776-013-0400-7. [PubMed: 23686084].
47. Pihlajamaki HK, Ruohola JP, Weckstrom M, Kiuru MJ, Visuri TI. Long-term outcome of undisplaced fatigue fractures of the femoral neck in young male adults. J Bone Joint Surg Br.
2006;88(12):1574-9.doi:10.1302/0301-620X.88B12.17996.
[PubMed: 17159166].
48. Brukner P, Bradshaw C, Khan KM, White S, Crossley K. Stress fractures: A review of 180 cases. Clin J Sport Med. 1996;6(2):85-9. [PubMed: 8673581].
49. Harris JD, Chahal J. Femoral neck stress fractures. Oper Tech Sports Med. 2015;23(3):241-7. doi: 10.1053/j.otsm.2015.07.001
2. Gullberg B, Johnell O, Kanis JA. World-wide projections for hip fracture. Osteoporos Int. 1997;7(5):407-13. doi: 10.1007/pl00004148. [PubMed: 9425497].
3. Omsland TK, Magnus JH. Forecasting the burden of future postmenopausal hip fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2014;25(10): 2493-6. doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2781-7. [PubMed: 24980184].
4. Garden RS. Stability and union in subcapital fractures of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1964;46:630-47. [PubMed: 14251448].
5. Parker MJ. The management of intracapsular fractures of the proximal femur. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000;82(7):937-41. doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.82b7.11595. [PubMed: 11041577].
6. Onativia IJ, Slullitel PA, Diaz Dilernia F., Gonzales Viezcas JM, Vietto V, Ramkumar PN, et al. Outcomes of nondisplaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures with internal screw fixation in elderly patients: A systematic review. Hip Int. 2018;28(1):18-28. doi: 10.5301/hipint.5000532. [PubMed: 28665454].
7. National Clinical Guideline Centre. The management of hip fracture in adults [Online]. [cited 2011]; Available from: URL: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg124/evidence/full-guideline-pdf-183081997
8. Australian and New Zealand Hip Fracture Registry. Australian and New Zealand guideline for hip fracture care: Improving outcomes in hip fracture management of adults [Online]. cited 2014]; Available from: URL: https://anzhfr.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/ANZ-Guideline-for-Hip-Fracture-Care.pdf
9. American College of Radiology. Acute hip pain-suspected fracture [Online]. [cited 2018]; Available from: URL: https://acsearch.acr.org/docs/3082587/Narrative
10. Alam A, Willett K, Ostlere S. The MRI diagnosis and management of incomplete intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87(9):1253-5. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.87B9.16558. [PubMed: 16129752].
11. Sadozai Z, Davies R, Warner J. The sensitivity of ct scans in diagnosing occult femoral neck fractures. Injury.
2016;47(12):2769-71.doi:10.1016/j.injury.2016.10.019.
[PubMed: 27771042].
12. Raaymakers EL, Marti RK. Non-operative treatment of impacted femoral neck fractures. A prospective study of 170 cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991;73(6):950-4. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.73B6.1955443. [PubMed: 1955443].
13. Taha ME, Audige L, Siegel G, Renner N. Factors predicting secondary displacement after non-operative treatment of undisplaced femoral neck fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2015;135(2):243-9. doi: 10.1007/s00402-014-2139-9. [PubMed: 25550094].
14. Shuqiang M, Kunzheng W, Zhichao T, Mingyu Z, Wei W.
Outcome of non-operative management in Garden I femoral
neck fractures. Injury. 2006;37(10):974-8. doi:
10.1016/j.injury.2006.04.136. [PubMed: 16934263].
15. Buord JM, Flecher X, Parratte S, Boyer L, Aubaniac JM, Argenson JN. Garden I femoral neck fractures in patients 65 years old and older: Is conservative functional treatment a viable option? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2010;96(3):228-34. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2009.11.012. [PubMed: 20488140].
16. Chen WC, Yu SW, Tseng IC, Su JY, Tu YK, Chen WJ. Treatment of undisplaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly. J Trauma. 2005;58(5):1035-9. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000169292.83048.17. [PubMed: 15920421].
17. Phillips JE, Christie J. Undisplaced fracture of the neck of the femur: Results of treatment of 100 patients treated by single Watson-Jones nail fixation. Injury. 1988;19(2):93-6. doi: 10.1016/0020-1383(88)90081-2. [PubMed: 3198273].
18. Bentley G. Treatment of nondisplaced fractures of the femoral neck. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1980;(152):93-101. [PubMed: 7438625].
19. Manninger J, Kazar G, Salacz T, Varga A. Nondisplaced (impacted) femoral neck fracture--conservative or surgical
treatment? Unfallchirurgie. 1990;16(3):116-21. doi: 10.1007/BF02588007. [PubMed: 2382316].
20. Cserhati P, Kazar G, Manninger J, Fekete K, Frenyo S. Non-operative or operative treatment for undisplaced femoral neck fractures: A comparative study of 122 non-operative and
125 operatively treated cases. Injury. 1996;27(8):583-8. doi: 10.1016/s0020-1383(96)00073-3. [PubMed: 8994566].
21. Lowe JA, Crist BD, Bhandari M, Ferguson TA. Optimal treatment of femoral neck fractures according to patient's physiologic age: An evidence-based review. Orthop Clin North Am. 2010;41(2): 157-66. doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2010.01.001. [PubMed: 20399355].
22. Parker MJ, Banajee A. Surgical approaches and ancillary techniques for internal fixation of intracapsular proximal femoral fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(2):CD001705. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001705.pub2. [PubMed: 15846622].
23. Xu DF, Bi FG, Ma CY, Wen ZF, Cai XZ. A systematic review of undisplaced femoral neck fracture treatments for patients over 65 years of age, with a focus on union rates and avascular necrosis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2017;12(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s13018-017-0528-9. [PubMed: 28187745]. [PubMed Central: PMC5301374].
24. Sikand M, Wenn R, Moran CG. Mortality following surgery for undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures. Injury.
2004;35(10):1015-9.doi:10.1016/j.injury.2004.01.004.
[PubMed: 15351669].
25. Stromqvist B, Hansson LI, Nilsson LT, Thorngren KG. Hook-pin fixation in femoral neck fractures. A two-year follow-up study of 300 cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;(218):58-62. [PubMed: 3568496].
26. Hunter GA. Should we abandon primary prosthetic replacement for fresh displaced fractures of the neck of the femur? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1980;(152):158-61. [PubMed: 7438598].
27. Holmberg S, Kalen R, Thorngren KG. Treatment and outcome of femoral neck fractures. An analysis of 2418 patients admitted from their own homes. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;(218):42-52. [PubMed: 3568494].
28. Marais LC, Ferreira N. Management of femoral neck fractures. South African Orthopaedic Association. 2013;12(1):58-62.
29. Yih-Shiunn L, Chien-Rae H, Wen-Yun L. Surgical treatment of undisplaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly. Int Orthop. 2007;31(5):677-82. doi: 10.1007/s00264-006-0243-3. [PubMed: 17033764]. [PubMed Central: PMC2266644].
30. Court-Brown CM, Heckman JD. Rockwood and Green's fractures in adults. New York, NY: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business; 2014.
31. Lee KB, Howe TS, Chang HC. Cancellous screw fixation for femoral neck fractures: One hundred and sixteen patients. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2004;33(2):248-51. [PubMed: 15098643].
32. Koval KJ, Zuckerman JD. Hip Fractures: I. Overview and evaluation and treatment of femoral-neck fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1994;2(3):141-9. doi: 10.5435/00124635-199405000-00002. [PubMed: 10709002].
33. Rogmark C, Carlsson A, Johnell O, Sernbo I. A prospective randomised trial of internal fixation versus arthroplasty for displaced fractures of the neck of the femur. Functional outcome for 450 patients at two years. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84(2):183-8. doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.84b2.11923. [PubMed: 11922358].
34. Dolatowski FC, Frihagen F, Bartels S, Opland V, Saltyte BJ, Talsnes O, et al. Screw fixation versus hemiarthroplasty for nondisplaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019;101(2):136-44. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.18.00316. [PubMed: 30653043].
35. Lu Q, Tang G, Zhao X, Guo S, Cai B, Li Q. Hemiarthroplasty versus internal fixation in super-aged patients with undisplaced femoral neck fractures: A 5-year follow-up of randomized controlled trial. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2017;137(1):27-35. doi: 10.1007/s00402-016-2591-9. [PubMed: 27837321].
36. Dolatowski FC, Randsborg PH, Utvag SE, Jakobsen RB. Comment on the article: Hemiarthroplasty versus internal fixation in super-aged patients with undisplaced femoral neck fractures: a 5-year follow-up of randomized controlled trial. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2017;137(9):1269-70. doi:
10.1007/s00402-017-2746-3. [PubMed: 28710668].
37. Rodriguez-Merchan EC. In situ fixation of nondisplaced intracapsular fractures of the proximal femur. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;(399):42-51. [PubMed: 12011693].
38. Zlowodzki M, Weening B, Petrisor B, Bhandari M. The value of washers in cannulated screw fixation of femoral neck fractures. J Trauma. 2005;59(4):969-75. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000188130.99626.8. [PubMed: 16374290].
39. Sorensen JL, Varmarken JE, Bomler J. Internal fixation of femoral neck fractures. Dynamic Hip and Gouffon screws compared in 73 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 1992;63(3):288-92. doi: 10.3109/17453679209154784. [PubMed: 1609592].
40. Lee YS, Chen SH, Tsuang YH, Huang HL, Lo TY, Huang CR. Internal fixation of undisplaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly: A retrospective comparison of fixation methods. J Trauma. 2008;64(1):155-62. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31802c821c. [PubMed: 18188115].
41. Hui AC, Anderson GH, Choudhry R, Boyle J, Gregg PJ. Internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty for undisplaced fractures of the femoral neck in octogenarians. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1994;76(6):891-4. [PubMed: 7983113].
42. Watson A, Zhang Y, Beattie S, Page RS. Prospective randomized controlled trial comparing dynamic hip screw and screw fixation for undisplaced subcapital hip fractures. ANZ J Surg. 2013;83(9):679-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2012.06256.x. [PubMed: 22998439].
43. Parker MJ, White A, Boyle A. Fixation versus hemiarthroplasty for undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures. Injury. 2008;39(7):791-5. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2008.01.011. [PubMed: 18407277].
44. Probe R, Ward R. Internal fixation of femoral neck fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14(9):565-71. doi: 10.5435/00124635-200609000-00006. [PubMed: 16959894].
45. Biz C, Tagliapietra J, Zonta F, Belluzzi E, Bragazzi NL, Ruggieri P. Predictors of early failure of the cannulated screw system in patients, 65 years and older, with non-displaced femoral neck fractures. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020;32(3):505-13. doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01394-1. [PubMed: 31677126].
46. Clement ND, Green K, Murray N, Duckworth AD, McQueen MM, Court-Brown CM. Undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures in the elderly: Predicting fixation failure and mortality. A prospective study of 162 patients. J Orthop Sci. 2013;18(4): 578-85. doi: 10.1007/s00776-013-0400-7. [PubMed: 23686084].
47. Pihlajamaki HK, Ruohola JP, Weckstrom M, Kiuru MJ, Visuri TI. Long-term outcome of undisplaced fatigue fractures of the femoral neck in young male adults. J Bone Joint Surg Br.
2006;88(12):1574-9.doi:10.1302/0301-620X.88B12.17996.
[PubMed: 17159166].
48. Brukner P, Bradshaw C, Khan KM, White S, Crossley K. Stress fractures: A review of 180 cases. Clin J Sport Med. 1996;6(2):85-9. [PubMed: 8673581].
49. Harris JD, Chahal J. Femoral neck stress fractures. Oper Tech Sports Med. 2015;23(3):241-7. doi: 10.1053/j.otsm.2015.07.001
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 7, No 1 (2021) | |
| Section | Educational Corner | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jost.v7i1.5962 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Neck Fractures; Bone Screws; Fracture Fixation; Internal Fixators | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Zafari H, Hoveidaei AH, Mortazavi SJ. Internal Fixation Using Screw in Undisplaced Femoral Neck Fracture: Educational Corner. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2021;7(1):20-3.
