A Classic Approach in the Evaluation and Resolving Pediatric Lower Limb Angular Deformity: Educational Corner
Abstract
No abstract is available.
1. Violas P. Physiopathologie de la croissance des membres
inférieurs: Physiopathologic growth of the lower limbs. Conférences d'enseignement. 2008;2008;207-18. doi: 10.1016/B978-2-84299-908-7.50012-0
2. Sass P, Hassan G. Lower extremity abnormalities in children.
Am Fam Physician. 2003;68(3):461-8. [PubMed: 12924829].
3. Espandar R, Mortazavi SM, Baghdadi T. Angular deformities of the lower limb in children. Asian J Sports Med. 2010;1(1):46-53. doi: 10.5812/asjsm.34871. [PubMed: 22375192]. [PubMed Central: PMC3289162].
4. Cho TJ, Choi IH, Chung CY, Yoo WJ, Park MS, Lee DY. Hemiepiphyseal stapling for angular deformity correction around the knee joint in children with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009;29(1):52-6. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181901c4d. [PubMed: 19098647].
5. Stevens PM. Guided growth for angular correction: A preliminary series using a tension band plate. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007;27(3):253-9. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e31803433a1. [PubMed: 17414005].
6. Zuege RC, Kempken TG, Blount WP. Epiphyseal stapling for angular deformity at the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1979;61(3):320-9. [PubMed: 429399].
7. De Brauwer V, Moens P. Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis for idiopathic genua valga in adolescents: Percutaneous transphyseal screws (PETS) versus stapling. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28(5):549-54. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e31817baab2. [PubMed: 18580371].
8. Gottliebsen M, Rahbek O, Hvid I, Davidsen M, Hellfritzsch MB, Moller-Madsen B. Hemiepiphysiodesis: Similar treatment time for tension-band plating and for stapling: A randomized clinical trial on guided growth for idiopathic genu valgum. Acta Orthop. 2013;84(2):202-6. doi: 10.3109/17453674.2013.782526. [PubMed: 23485073]. [PubMed Central: PMC3639343].
9. Shin SJ, Cho TJ, Park MS, Bae JY, Yoo WJ, Chung CY, et al. Angular deformity correction by asymmetrical physeal suppression in growing children: Stapling versus percutaneous transphyseal screw. J Pediatr Orthop. 2010;30(6):588-93. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181e04b5d. [PubMed: 20733425].
10. Wiemann JM, Tryon C, Szalay EA. Physeal stapling versus 8- plate hemiepiphysiodesis for guided correction of angular deformity about the knee. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009;29(5):481-5. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181aa24a8. [PubMed: 19568021].
11. Baghdadi S, Mortazavi SMJ, Dastoureh K, Moharrami A, Baghdadi T. Middle to long-term results of distal femoral tension band hemiepiphysiodesis in the treatment of idiopathic genu valgum. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2020. doi: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000000718. [PubMed: 32044859].
12. Castaneda P, Urquhart B, Sullivan E, Haynes RJ. Hemiepiphysiodesis for the correction of angular deformity about the knee. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28(2):188-91. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181653ade. [PubMed: 18388714].
13. Yilmaz G, Oto M, Thabet AM, Rogers KJ, Anticevic D, Thacker MM, et al. Correction of lower extremity angular deformities in skeletal dysplasia with hemiepiphysiodesis: A preliminary report. J Pediatr Orthop. 2014;34(3):336-45. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000000089. [PubMed: 23965916].
14. Arazi M, Ogun TC, Memik R. Normal development of the tibiofemoral angle in children: A clinical study of 590 normal subjects from 3 to 17 years of age. J Pediatr Orthop. 2001;21(2):264-7. [PubMed: 11242264].
15. Dettling S, Weiner DS. Management of bow legs in children: A primary care protocol. J Fam Pract. 2017;66(5):E1-E6. [PubMed: 28459895].
16. Greene WB. Genu varum and genu valgum in children: Differential diagnosis and guidelines for evaluation. Compr Ther. 1996;22(1):22-9. [PubMed: 8654021].
17. Weinstein SL, Flynn JM. Lovell and Winter's Pediatric Orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013.
18. Tachdjian MO. BOOK: Clinical Pediatric Orthopedics: The Art of Diagnosis and Principles of Management. The Nurse Practitioner. 1997;22(5):197.
19. Bruce RW Jr. Torsional and angular deformities. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1996;43(4):867-81. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70439-9. [PubMed: 8692584].
20. Paley D, Tetsworth K. Mechanical axis deviation of the lower limbs. Preoperative planning of multiapical frontal plane angular and bowing deformities of the femur and tibia. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992;(280):65-71. [PubMed: 1611765].
21. Tercier S, Shah H, Siddesh ND, Joseph B. Does proximal femoral varus osteotomy in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease predispose to angular mal-alignment of the knee? A clinical and radiographic study at skeletal maturity. J Child Orthop. 2013;7(3):205-11. doi: 10.1007/s11832-013-0487-6. [PubMed: 24432079]. [PubMed Central: PMC3672457].
22. Mielke CH, Stevens PM. Hemiepiphyseal stapling for knee deformities in children younger than 10 years: a preliminary report. J Pediatr Orthop. 1996;16(4):423-9. doi: 10.1097/00004694-199607000-00002. [PubMed: 8784692].
23. Herring JA. Tachdjian's Pediatric orthopaedics: From the Texas Scottish rite hospital for children. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014.
24. Park SS, Gordon JE, Luhmann SJ, Dobbs MB, Schoenecker PL. Outcome of hemiepiphyseal stapling for late-onset tibia vara. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(10):2259-66. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.C.01409. [PubMed: 16203892].
25. Courvoisier A, Eid A, Merloz P. Epiphyseal stapling of the proximal tibia for idiopathic genu valgum. J Child Orthop. 2009;3(3):217-21. doi: 10.1007/s11832-009-0178-5. [PubMed: 19415361]. [PubMed Central: PMC2686818].
26. Saran N, Rathjen KE. Guided growth for the correction of pediatric lower limb angular deformity. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010;18(9):528-36. doi: 10.5435/00124635-201009000- 00004. [PubMed: 20810934].
27. Klatt J, Stevens PM. Guided growth for fixed knee flexion deformity. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28(6):626-31. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e318183d573. [PubMed: 18724198].
28. McCarthy JJ, Burke T, McCarthy MC. Need for concomitant proximal fibular epiphysiodesis when performing a proximal tibial epiphysiodesis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2003;23(1):52-4. [PubMed: 12499943].
29. Richards BS, Katz DE, Sims JB. Effectiveness of brace treatment in early infantile Blount's disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18(3):374-80. [PubMed: 9600567].
30. Zionts LE, Shean CJ. Brace treatment of early infantile tibia vara. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18(1):102-9. [PubMed: 9449110].
31. Raney EM, Topoleski TA, Yaghoubian R, Guidera KJ, Marshall JG. Orthotic treatment of infantile tibia vara. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18(5):670-4. doi: 10.1097/00004694-199809000-00023. [PubMed: 9746423].
32. McIntosh AL, Hanson CM, Rathjen KE. Treatment of adolescent tibia vara with hemiepiphysiodesis: Risk factors for failure. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(12):2873-9. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.H.01245. [PubMed: 19952250].
33. Pinkowski JL, Weiner DS. Complications in proximal tibial osteotomies in children with presentation of technique. J Pediatr Orthop. 1995;15(3):307-12. doi: 10.1097/01241398- 199505000-00009. [PubMed: 7790485].
34. Steel HH, Sandrow RE, Sullivan PD. Complications of tibial osteotomy in children for genu varum or valgum. Evidence that neurological changes are due to ischemia. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1971;53(8):1629-35. [PubMed: 5121804].
35. Bowen JR, Leahey JL, Zhang ZH, MacEwen GD. Partial epiphysiodesis at the knee to correct angular deformity. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985;(198):184-90. [PubMed: 4028549].
36. Metaizeau JP, Wong-Chung J, Bertrand H, Pasquier P. Percutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screws (PETS). J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18(3):363-9. [PubMed: 9600565].
37. Inan M, Chan G, Bowen JR. Correction of angular deformities of the knee by percutaneous hemiepiphysiodesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007;456:164-9. doi: 10.1097/01.blo.0000246560.65714.c8. [PubMed: 17065845].
38. Ferrick MR, Birch JG, Albright M. Correction of non-Blount's angular knee deformity by permanent hemiepiphyseodesis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2004;24(4):397-402. doi: 10.1097/00004694- 200407000-00010. [PubMed: 15205622].
39. Aslani H, Panjavy B, Bashy RH, Tabrizi A, Nazari B. The efficacy and complications of 2-hole 3.5 mm reconstruction plates and
4 mm noncanulated cancellous screws for temporary hemiepiphysiodesis around the knee. J Pediatr Orthop. 2014;34(4):462-6. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000000115. [PubMed: 24172669].
40. Blount WP, CLARKE GR. Control of bone growth by epiphyseal stapling; a preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1949;31A(3):464-78. [PubMed: 18153890].
41. Park H, Park M, Kim SM, Kim HW, Lee DH. Hemiepiphysiodesis for Idiopathic Genu Valgum: Percutaneous Transphyseal Screw Versus Tension-band Plate. J Pediatr Orthop. 2018;38(6):325-30. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000000821. [PubMed: 27658181].
42. Vaishya R, Shah M, Agarwal AK, Vijay V. Growth modulation by hemi epiphysiodesis using eight-plate in Genu valgum in Paediatric population. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2018;9(4):327-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2017.11.004. [PubMed: 30449980]. [PubMed Central: PMC6224631].
43. Green WT, Anderson M. Epiphyseal arrest for the correction of discrepancies in length of the lower extremities. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1957;39-A(4):853-72. [PubMed: 13438942].
44. May VR Jr, Clements EL. Epiphyseal stapling: with special reference to complications. South Med J. 1965;58(10):1203-7.doi: 10.1097/00007611-196510000-00002. [PubMed: 4284697].
45. Schroerlucke S, Bertrand S, Clapp J, Bundy J, Gregg FO. Failure of Orthofix eight-Plate for the treatment of Blount disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009;29(1):57-60. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181919b54. [PubMed: 19098648].
46. Nouth F, Kuo LA. Percutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screws (PETS): Prospective case study and review. J Pediatr Orthop. 2004;24(6):721-5. [PubMed: 15502577].
47. Liotta FJ, Ambrose TA, Eilert RE. Fluoroscopic technique versus Phemister technique for epiphysiodesis. J Pediatr Orthop. 1992;12(2):248-51. [PubMed: 1552032].
48. Burghardt RD, Herzenberg JE. Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis with the eight-Plate for angular deformities: Mid-term results.J Orthop Sci. 2010;15(5):699-704. doi: 10.1007/s00776-010-1514-9. [PubMed: 20953936].
49. Das SP, Pradhan S, Sahoo PK, Mohanty RN, Das SK. Our experience with correction of angular deformities of knee by flexible figure of 8-plate hemiepiphysiodesis. IJPMR. 2012;23(2):68-73.
50. Westh RN, Menelaus MB. A simple calculation for the timing of epiphysial arrest: A further report. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1981;63- B(1):117-9. [PubMed: 7204464].
51. Paley D, Bhave A, Herzenberg JE, Bowen JR. Multiplier method for predicting limb-length discrepancy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82(10):1432-46. doi: 10.2106/00004623-200010000-00010. [PubMed: 11057472].
inférieurs: Physiopathologic growth of the lower limbs. Conférences d'enseignement. 2008;2008;207-18. doi: 10.1016/B978-2-84299-908-7.50012-0
2. Sass P, Hassan G. Lower extremity abnormalities in children.
Am Fam Physician. 2003;68(3):461-8. [PubMed: 12924829].
3. Espandar R, Mortazavi SM, Baghdadi T. Angular deformities of the lower limb in children. Asian J Sports Med. 2010;1(1):46-53. doi: 10.5812/asjsm.34871. [PubMed: 22375192]. [PubMed Central: PMC3289162].
4. Cho TJ, Choi IH, Chung CY, Yoo WJ, Park MS, Lee DY. Hemiepiphyseal stapling for angular deformity correction around the knee joint in children with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009;29(1):52-6. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181901c4d. [PubMed: 19098647].
5. Stevens PM. Guided growth for angular correction: A preliminary series using a tension band plate. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007;27(3):253-9. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e31803433a1. [PubMed: 17414005].
6. Zuege RC, Kempken TG, Blount WP. Epiphyseal stapling for angular deformity at the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1979;61(3):320-9. [PubMed: 429399].
7. De Brauwer V, Moens P. Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis for idiopathic genua valga in adolescents: Percutaneous transphyseal screws (PETS) versus stapling. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28(5):549-54. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e31817baab2. [PubMed: 18580371].
8. Gottliebsen M, Rahbek O, Hvid I, Davidsen M, Hellfritzsch MB, Moller-Madsen B. Hemiepiphysiodesis: Similar treatment time for tension-band plating and for stapling: A randomized clinical trial on guided growth for idiopathic genu valgum. Acta Orthop. 2013;84(2):202-6. doi: 10.3109/17453674.2013.782526. [PubMed: 23485073]. [PubMed Central: PMC3639343].
9. Shin SJ, Cho TJ, Park MS, Bae JY, Yoo WJ, Chung CY, et al. Angular deformity correction by asymmetrical physeal suppression in growing children: Stapling versus percutaneous transphyseal screw. J Pediatr Orthop. 2010;30(6):588-93. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181e04b5d. [PubMed: 20733425].
10. Wiemann JM, Tryon C, Szalay EA. Physeal stapling versus 8- plate hemiepiphysiodesis for guided correction of angular deformity about the knee. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009;29(5):481-5. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181aa24a8. [PubMed: 19568021].
11. Baghdadi S, Mortazavi SMJ, Dastoureh K, Moharrami A, Baghdadi T. Middle to long-term results of distal femoral tension band hemiepiphysiodesis in the treatment of idiopathic genu valgum. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2020. doi: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000000718. [PubMed: 32044859].
12. Castaneda P, Urquhart B, Sullivan E, Haynes RJ. Hemiepiphysiodesis for the correction of angular deformity about the knee. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28(2):188-91. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181653ade. [PubMed: 18388714].
13. Yilmaz G, Oto M, Thabet AM, Rogers KJ, Anticevic D, Thacker MM, et al. Correction of lower extremity angular deformities in skeletal dysplasia with hemiepiphysiodesis: A preliminary report. J Pediatr Orthop. 2014;34(3):336-45. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000000089. [PubMed: 23965916].
14. Arazi M, Ogun TC, Memik R. Normal development of the tibiofemoral angle in children: A clinical study of 590 normal subjects from 3 to 17 years of age. J Pediatr Orthop. 2001;21(2):264-7. [PubMed: 11242264].
15. Dettling S, Weiner DS. Management of bow legs in children: A primary care protocol. J Fam Pract. 2017;66(5):E1-E6. [PubMed: 28459895].
16. Greene WB. Genu varum and genu valgum in children: Differential diagnosis and guidelines for evaluation. Compr Ther. 1996;22(1):22-9. [PubMed: 8654021].
17. Weinstein SL, Flynn JM. Lovell and Winter's Pediatric Orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013.
18. Tachdjian MO. BOOK: Clinical Pediatric Orthopedics: The Art of Diagnosis and Principles of Management. The Nurse Practitioner. 1997;22(5):197.
19. Bruce RW Jr. Torsional and angular deformities. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1996;43(4):867-81. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70439-9. [PubMed: 8692584].
20. Paley D, Tetsworth K. Mechanical axis deviation of the lower limbs. Preoperative planning of multiapical frontal plane angular and bowing deformities of the femur and tibia. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992;(280):65-71. [PubMed: 1611765].
21. Tercier S, Shah H, Siddesh ND, Joseph B. Does proximal femoral varus osteotomy in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease predispose to angular mal-alignment of the knee? A clinical and radiographic study at skeletal maturity. J Child Orthop. 2013;7(3):205-11. doi: 10.1007/s11832-013-0487-6. [PubMed: 24432079]. [PubMed Central: PMC3672457].
22. Mielke CH, Stevens PM. Hemiepiphyseal stapling for knee deformities in children younger than 10 years: a preliminary report. J Pediatr Orthop. 1996;16(4):423-9. doi: 10.1097/00004694-199607000-00002. [PubMed: 8784692].
23. Herring JA. Tachdjian's Pediatric orthopaedics: From the Texas Scottish rite hospital for children. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014.
24. Park SS, Gordon JE, Luhmann SJ, Dobbs MB, Schoenecker PL. Outcome of hemiepiphyseal stapling for late-onset tibia vara. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(10):2259-66. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.C.01409. [PubMed: 16203892].
25. Courvoisier A, Eid A, Merloz P. Epiphyseal stapling of the proximal tibia for idiopathic genu valgum. J Child Orthop. 2009;3(3):217-21. doi: 10.1007/s11832-009-0178-5. [PubMed: 19415361]. [PubMed Central: PMC2686818].
26. Saran N, Rathjen KE. Guided growth for the correction of pediatric lower limb angular deformity. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010;18(9):528-36. doi: 10.5435/00124635-201009000- 00004. [PubMed: 20810934].
27. Klatt J, Stevens PM. Guided growth for fixed knee flexion deformity. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28(6):626-31. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e318183d573. [PubMed: 18724198].
28. McCarthy JJ, Burke T, McCarthy MC. Need for concomitant proximal fibular epiphysiodesis when performing a proximal tibial epiphysiodesis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2003;23(1):52-4. [PubMed: 12499943].
29. Richards BS, Katz DE, Sims JB. Effectiveness of brace treatment in early infantile Blount's disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18(3):374-80. [PubMed: 9600567].
30. Zionts LE, Shean CJ. Brace treatment of early infantile tibia vara. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18(1):102-9. [PubMed: 9449110].
31. Raney EM, Topoleski TA, Yaghoubian R, Guidera KJ, Marshall JG. Orthotic treatment of infantile tibia vara. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18(5):670-4. doi: 10.1097/00004694-199809000-00023. [PubMed: 9746423].
32. McIntosh AL, Hanson CM, Rathjen KE. Treatment of adolescent tibia vara with hemiepiphysiodesis: Risk factors for failure. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(12):2873-9. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.H.01245. [PubMed: 19952250].
33. Pinkowski JL, Weiner DS. Complications in proximal tibial osteotomies in children with presentation of technique. J Pediatr Orthop. 1995;15(3):307-12. doi: 10.1097/01241398- 199505000-00009. [PubMed: 7790485].
34. Steel HH, Sandrow RE, Sullivan PD. Complications of tibial osteotomy in children for genu varum or valgum. Evidence that neurological changes are due to ischemia. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1971;53(8):1629-35. [PubMed: 5121804].
35. Bowen JR, Leahey JL, Zhang ZH, MacEwen GD. Partial epiphysiodesis at the knee to correct angular deformity. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985;(198):184-90. [PubMed: 4028549].
36. Metaizeau JP, Wong-Chung J, Bertrand H, Pasquier P. Percutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screws (PETS). J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18(3):363-9. [PubMed: 9600565].
37. Inan M, Chan G, Bowen JR. Correction of angular deformities of the knee by percutaneous hemiepiphysiodesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007;456:164-9. doi: 10.1097/01.blo.0000246560.65714.c8. [PubMed: 17065845].
38. Ferrick MR, Birch JG, Albright M. Correction of non-Blount's angular knee deformity by permanent hemiepiphyseodesis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2004;24(4):397-402. doi: 10.1097/00004694- 200407000-00010. [PubMed: 15205622].
39. Aslani H, Panjavy B, Bashy RH, Tabrizi A, Nazari B. The efficacy and complications of 2-hole 3.5 mm reconstruction plates and
4 mm noncanulated cancellous screws for temporary hemiepiphysiodesis around the knee. J Pediatr Orthop. 2014;34(4):462-6. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000000115. [PubMed: 24172669].
40. Blount WP, CLARKE GR. Control of bone growth by epiphyseal stapling; a preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1949;31A(3):464-78. [PubMed: 18153890].
41. Park H, Park M, Kim SM, Kim HW, Lee DH. Hemiepiphysiodesis for Idiopathic Genu Valgum: Percutaneous Transphyseal Screw Versus Tension-band Plate. J Pediatr Orthop. 2018;38(6):325-30. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000000821. [PubMed: 27658181].
42. Vaishya R, Shah M, Agarwal AK, Vijay V. Growth modulation by hemi epiphysiodesis using eight-plate in Genu valgum in Paediatric population. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2018;9(4):327-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2017.11.004. [PubMed: 30449980]. [PubMed Central: PMC6224631].
43. Green WT, Anderson M. Epiphyseal arrest for the correction of discrepancies in length of the lower extremities. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1957;39-A(4):853-72. [PubMed: 13438942].
44. May VR Jr, Clements EL. Epiphyseal stapling: with special reference to complications. South Med J. 1965;58(10):1203-7.doi: 10.1097/00007611-196510000-00002. [PubMed: 4284697].
45. Schroerlucke S, Bertrand S, Clapp J, Bundy J, Gregg FO. Failure of Orthofix eight-Plate for the treatment of Blount disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009;29(1):57-60. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181919b54. [PubMed: 19098648].
46. Nouth F, Kuo LA. Percutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screws (PETS): Prospective case study and review. J Pediatr Orthop. 2004;24(6):721-5. [PubMed: 15502577].
47. Liotta FJ, Ambrose TA, Eilert RE. Fluoroscopic technique versus Phemister technique for epiphysiodesis. J Pediatr Orthop. 1992;12(2):248-51. [PubMed: 1552032].
48. Burghardt RD, Herzenberg JE. Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis with the eight-Plate for angular deformities: Mid-term results.J Orthop Sci. 2010;15(5):699-704. doi: 10.1007/s00776-010-1514-9. [PubMed: 20953936].
49. Das SP, Pradhan S, Sahoo PK, Mohanty RN, Das SK. Our experience with correction of angular deformities of knee by flexible figure of 8-plate hemiepiphysiodesis. IJPMR. 2012;23(2):68-73.
50. Westh RN, Menelaus MB. A simple calculation for the timing of epiphysial arrest: A further report. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1981;63- B(1):117-9. [PubMed: 7204464].
51. Paley D, Bhave A, Herzenberg JE, Bowen JR. Multiplier method for predicting limb-length discrepancy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82(10):1432-46. doi: 10.2106/00004623-200010000-00010. [PubMed: 11057472].
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 5, No 4 (2019) | |
| Section | Educational Corner | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jost.v5i4.4378 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Genu Varum; Genu Varus; Pediatric; Growth Plate | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Violas P, Heydari A, Moharrami A, Nabian MH. A Classic Approach in the Evaluation and Resolving Pediatric Lower Limb Angular Deformity: Educational Corner. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2020;5(4):92-8.
