Scapholunate Ligament Injury: Reviewing the Concept and the Challenges Ahead
Abstract
Scapholunate instability is the most common cause of carpal instability. The entity is often missed in practise. If diagnosed early, it may be repairable. However, the later it is diagnosed, the more complicated and difficult the management would be. In this paper we aimed at reviewing the main concepts of the carpal instability and delineating the wide management options of scapholunate interosseous ligament injury discussed in the literature.
1. Adamthwaite J, Babazadeh S, Garcia-Elias M. Scapholunate ligament injury. In: Hayton M, Ng CY, Funk L, Watts A, Walton M, Editors. Sports injuries of the hand and wrist. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 2019. p. 201-34.
2. Chennagiri RJ, Lindau TR. Assessment of scapholunate instability and review of evidence for management in the absence of arthritis. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2013;38(7):727-38. doi: 10.1177/1753193412473861. [PubMed: 23340757].
3. Tornetta P, Ricci W, Court-Brown CM, McQueen MM. Rockwood and Green's fractures in adults. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2019.
4. Kamal RN, Moore W, Kakar S. Team approach: Management of scapholunate instability. JBJS Rev. 2019;7(2):e2. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.18.00021. [PubMed: 30724763].
5. Mudgal C, Hastings H. Scapho-lunate diastasis in fractures of the distal radius. Pathomechanics and treatment options. J HandSurg Br. 1993;18(6):725-9. doi: 10.1016/0266-7681(93)90231-4.
[PubMed: 8308429].
6. Andersson JK. Treatment of scapholunate ligament injury: Current concepts. EFORT Open Rev. 2017;2(9):382-93. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.170016. [PubMed: 29071123]. [PubMed Central: PMC5644424].
7. Geissler WB. Arthroscopic management of scapholunate instability. J Wrist Surg. 2013;2(2):129-35. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1343354. [PubMed: 24436805]. [PubMed Central: PMC3699262].
8. Zarkadas PC, Gropper PT, White NJ, Perey BH. A survey of the surgical management of acute and chronic scapholunate instability. J Hand Surg Am. 2004;29(5):848-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2004.05.008. [PubMed: 15465234].
9. Mataliotakis G, Doukas M, Kostas I, Lykissas M, Batistatou A, Beris A. Sensory innervation of the subregions of the scapholunate interosseous ligament in relation to their structural composition. J Hand Surg Am. 2009;34(8):1413-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.05.007. [PubMed: 19683877].
10. Mathoulin C. Treatment of dynamic scapholunate instability dissociation: Contribution of arthroscopy. Hand Surg Rehabil. 2016;35(6):377-92. doi: 10.1016/j.hansur.2016.09.002. [PubMed: 27890246].
11. Chee KG, Chin AY, Chew EM, Garcia-Elias M. Antipronation spiral tenodesis-a surgical technique for the treatment of perilunate instability. J Hand Surg Am. 2012;37(12):2611-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2012.09.007. [PubMed: 23174077].
12. Konopka G, Chim H. Optimal management of scapholunate ligament injuries. Orthop Res Rev. 2018;10:41-54. doi:
10.2147/ORR.S129620. [PubMed: 30774459]. [PubMed Central: PMC6209348].
13. Izadpanah A, Kakar S. Acute scapholunate ligament injuries: Current concepts. Oper Tech Sports Med. 2016;24(2):108-16. doi: 10.1053/j.otsm.2016.02.002.
14. Sikora SK, Tham SK, Harvey JN, Garcia-Elias M, Goldring T, Rotstein AH, et al. The twist X-Ray: A novel test for dynamic scapholunate instability. J Wrist Surg. 2019;8(1):61-5. doi:
10.1055/s-0038-1673344. [PubMed: 30723604]. [PubMed Central: PMC6358452].
15. Greditzer HG, Zeidenberg J, Kam CC, Gray RR, Clifford PD, Mintz DN, et al. Optimal detection of scapholunate ligament tears with MRI. Acta Radiol. 2016;57(12):1508-14. doi: 10.1177/0284185115626468. [PubMed: 26861205].
16. Crawford K, Owusu-Sarpong N, Day C, Iorio M. Scapholunate ligament reconstruction: A critical analysis review. JBJS Rev. 2016;4(4):e41-e48. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.O.00060. [PubMed: 27487428].
17. Whipple TL. The role of arthroscopy in the treatment of scapholunate instability. Hand Clin. 1995;11(1):37-40. [PubMed: 7751329].
18. Seradge H, Baer C, Dalsimer D, Seradge A, Shafi RA, Parker W. Treatment of dynamic scaphoid instability. J Trauma. 2004;56(6):1253-60. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000075520.11052.64. [PubMed: 15211134].
19. Kamrani RS, PanjaviLee B, Vahedi E. Mid-term results of the use of a suture anchor fixation for chronic reducible scapholunate dissociation. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol. 2019;24(4):440-6. doi: 10.1142/S2424835519500565. [PubMed: 31690193].
20. Panjavi B, Vahedi E, Shahriar Kamrani R. A review on scapholunate interosseous ligament injuries, disease stages, and treatment techniques. Iran J Orthop Surg. 2017;15(4):109-16.
21. Harvey EJ, Berger RA, Osterman AL, Fernandez DL, Weiss AP. Bone-tissue-bone repairs for scapholunate dissociation. J Hand Surg Am. 2007;32(2):256-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2006.11.011. [PubMed: 17275604].
22. Luchetti R, Zorli IP, Atzei A, Fairplay T. Dorsal intercarpal ligament capsulodesis for predynamic and dynamic
scapholunate instability. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2010;35(1):32-7.
doi: 10.1177/1753193409347686. [PubMed: 19828570].
23. Athlani L, Pauchard N, Detammaecker R, Huguet S, Lombard J, Dap F, et al. Treatment of chronic scapholunate dissociation with tenodesis: A systematic review. Hand Surg Rehabil. 2018;37(2):65-76. doi: 10.1016/j.hansur.2017.12.001. [PubMed: 29292109].
24. Moran SL, Cooney WP, Berger RA, Strickland J. Capsulodesis for the treatment of chronic scapholunate instability. J Hand Surg Am. 2005;30(1):16-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2004.07.021. [PubMed: 15680551].
25. Yao J, Zlotolow DA, Lee SK. ScaphoLunate axis method. J Wrist Surg. 2016;5(1):59-66. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1570744. [PubMed: 26855838]. [PubMed Central: PMC4742262].
26. Pauchard N, Dederichs A, Segret J, Barbary S, Dap F, Dautel G. The role of three-ligament tenodesis in the treatment of chronic scapholunate instability. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2013;38(7):758-66. doi: 10.1177/1753193413475753. [PubMed: 23400768].
27. Corella F, Del Cerro M, Larrainzar-Garijo R, Vazquez T. Arthroscopic ligamentoplasty (bone-tendon-tenodesis). A new surgical technique for scapholunate instability: preliminary cadaver study. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2011;36(8):682-9. doi: 10.1177/1753193411412868. [PubMed: 21712303].
28. Ho PC, Wong CW, Tse WL. Arthroscopic-assisted combined dorsal and volar scapholunate ligament reconstruction with tendon graft for chronic SL instability. J Wrist Surg. 2015;4(4):252-63. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1565927. [PubMed: 26649257]. [PubMed Central: PMC4626228].
29. Larson TB, Stern PJ. Reduction and association of the scaphoid and lunate procedure: short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes. J Hand Surg Am. 2014;39(11):2168-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.07.014. [PubMed: 25218140].
30. Lee SK, Zlotolow DA, Sapienza A, Karia R, Yao J. Biomechanical comparison of 3 methods of scapholunate ligament reconstruction. J Hand Surg Am. 2014;39(4):643-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.12.033. [PubMed: 24559758].
31. Tischler BT, Diaz LE, Murakami AM, Roemer FW, Goud AR, Arndt WF 3rd, et al. Scapholunate advanced collapse: a pictorial review. Insights Imaging. 2014;5(4):407-17. doi: 10.1007/s13244-014-0337-1. [PubMed: 24891066]. [PubMed Central: PMC4141341].
32. Mulford JS, Ceulemans LJ, Nam D, Axelrod TS. Proximal row carpectomy vs four corner fusion for scapholunate (Slac) or scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (Snac) wrists: A systematic review of outcomes. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2009;34(2):256-63. doi: 10.1177/1753193408100954. [PubMed: 19369301].
2. Chennagiri RJ, Lindau TR. Assessment of scapholunate instability and review of evidence for management in the absence of arthritis. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2013;38(7):727-38. doi: 10.1177/1753193412473861. [PubMed: 23340757].
3. Tornetta P, Ricci W, Court-Brown CM, McQueen MM. Rockwood and Green's fractures in adults. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2019.
4. Kamal RN, Moore W, Kakar S. Team approach: Management of scapholunate instability. JBJS Rev. 2019;7(2):e2. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.18.00021. [PubMed: 30724763].
5. Mudgal C, Hastings H. Scapho-lunate diastasis in fractures of the distal radius. Pathomechanics and treatment options. J HandSurg Br. 1993;18(6):725-9. doi: 10.1016/0266-7681(93)90231-4.
[PubMed: 8308429].
6. Andersson JK. Treatment of scapholunate ligament injury: Current concepts. EFORT Open Rev. 2017;2(9):382-93. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.170016. [PubMed: 29071123]. [PubMed Central: PMC5644424].
7. Geissler WB. Arthroscopic management of scapholunate instability. J Wrist Surg. 2013;2(2):129-35. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1343354. [PubMed: 24436805]. [PubMed Central: PMC3699262].
8. Zarkadas PC, Gropper PT, White NJ, Perey BH. A survey of the surgical management of acute and chronic scapholunate instability. J Hand Surg Am. 2004;29(5):848-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2004.05.008. [PubMed: 15465234].
9. Mataliotakis G, Doukas M, Kostas I, Lykissas M, Batistatou A, Beris A. Sensory innervation of the subregions of the scapholunate interosseous ligament in relation to their structural composition. J Hand Surg Am. 2009;34(8):1413-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.05.007. [PubMed: 19683877].
10. Mathoulin C. Treatment of dynamic scapholunate instability dissociation: Contribution of arthroscopy. Hand Surg Rehabil. 2016;35(6):377-92. doi: 10.1016/j.hansur.2016.09.002. [PubMed: 27890246].
11. Chee KG, Chin AY, Chew EM, Garcia-Elias M. Antipronation spiral tenodesis-a surgical technique for the treatment of perilunate instability. J Hand Surg Am. 2012;37(12):2611-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2012.09.007. [PubMed: 23174077].
12. Konopka G, Chim H. Optimal management of scapholunate ligament injuries. Orthop Res Rev. 2018;10:41-54. doi:
10.2147/ORR.S129620. [PubMed: 30774459]. [PubMed Central: PMC6209348].
13. Izadpanah A, Kakar S. Acute scapholunate ligament injuries: Current concepts. Oper Tech Sports Med. 2016;24(2):108-16. doi: 10.1053/j.otsm.2016.02.002.
14. Sikora SK, Tham SK, Harvey JN, Garcia-Elias M, Goldring T, Rotstein AH, et al. The twist X-Ray: A novel test for dynamic scapholunate instability. J Wrist Surg. 2019;8(1):61-5. doi:
10.1055/s-0038-1673344. [PubMed: 30723604]. [PubMed Central: PMC6358452].
15. Greditzer HG, Zeidenberg J, Kam CC, Gray RR, Clifford PD, Mintz DN, et al. Optimal detection of scapholunate ligament tears with MRI. Acta Radiol. 2016;57(12):1508-14. doi: 10.1177/0284185115626468. [PubMed: 26861205].
16. Crawford K, Owusu-Sarpong N, Day C, Iorio M. Scapholunate ligament reconstruction: A critical analysis review. JBJS Rev. 2016;4(4):e41-e48. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.O.00060. [PubMed: 27487428].
17. Whipple TL. The role of arthroscopy in the treatment of scapholunate instability. Hand Clin. 1995;11(1):37-40. [PubMed: 7751329].
18. Seradge H, Baer C, Dalsimer D, Seradge A, Shafi RA, Parker W. Treatment of dynamic scaphoid instability. J Trauma. 2004;56(6):1253-60. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000075520.11052.64. [PubMed: 15211134].
19. Kamrani RS, PanjaviLee B, Vahedi E. Mid-term results of the use of a suture anchor fixation for chronic reducible scapholunate dissociation. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol. 2019;24(4):440-6. doi: 10.1142/S2424835519500565. [PubMed: 31690193].
20. Panjavi B, Vahedi E, Shahriar Kamrani R. A review on scapholunate interosseous ligament injuries, disease stages, and treatment techniques. Iran J Orthop Surg. 2017;15(4):109-16.
21. Harvey EJ, Berger RA, Osterman AL, Fernandez DL, Weiss AP. Bone-tissue-bone repairs for scapholunate dissociation. J Hand Surg Am. 2007;32(2):256-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2006.11.011. [PubMed: 17275604].
22. Luchetti R, Zorli IP, Atzei A, Fairplay T. Dorsal intercarpal ligament capsulodesis for predynamic and dynamic
scapholunate instability. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2010;35(1):32-7.
doi: 10.1177/1753193409347686. [PubMed: 19828570].
23. Athlani L, Pauchard N, Detammaecker R, Huguet S, Lombard J, Dap F, et al. Treatment of chronic scapholunate dissociation with tenodesis: A systematic review. Hand Surg Rehabil. 2018;37(2):65-76. doi: 10.1016/j.hansur.2017.12.001. [PubMed: 29292109].
24. Moran SL, Cooney WP, Berger RA, Strickland J. Capsulodesis for the treatment of chronic scapholunate instability. J Hand Surg Am. 2005;30(1):16-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2004.07.021. [PubMed: 15680551].
25. Yao J, Zlotolow DA, Lee SK. ScaphoLunate axis method. J Wrist Surg. 2016;5(1):59-66. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1570744. [PubMed: 26855838]. [PubMed Central: PMC4742262].
26. Pauchard N, Dederichs A, Segret J, Barbary S, Dap F, Dautel G. The role of three-ligament tenodesis in the treatment of chronic scapholunate instability. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2013;38(7):758-66. doi: 10.1177/1753193413475753. [PubMed: 23400768].
27. Corella F, Del Cerro M, Larrainzar-Garijo R, Vazquez T. Arthroscopic ligamentoplasty (bone-tendon-tenodesis). A new surgical technique for scapholunate instability: preliminary cadaver study. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2011;36(8):682-9. doi: 10.1177/1753193411412868. [PubMed: 21712303].
28. Ho PC, Wong CW, Tse WL. Arthroscopic-assisted combined dorsal and volar scapholunate ligament reconstruction with tendon graft for chronic SL instability. J Wrist Surg. 2015;4(4):252-63. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1565927. [PubMed: 26649257]. [PubMed Central: PMC4626228].
29. Larson TB, Stern PJ. Reduction and association of the scaphoid and lunate procedure: short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes. J Hand Surg Am. 2014;39(11):2168-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.07.014. [PubMed: 25218140].
30. Lee SK, Zlotolow DA, Sapienza A, Karia R, Yao J. Biomechanical comparison of 3 methods of scapholunate ligament reconstruction. J Hand Surg Am. 2014;39(4):643-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.12.033. [PubMed: 24559758].
31. Tischler BT, Diaz LE, Murakami AM, Roemer FW, Goud AR, Arndt WF 3rd, et al. Scapholunate advanced collapse: a pictorial review. Insights Imaging. 2014;5(4):407-17. doi: 10.1007/s13244-014-0337-1. [PubMed: 24891066]. [PubMed Central: PMC4141341].
32. Mulford JS, Ceulemans LJ, Nam D, Axelrod TS. Proximal row carpectomy vs four corner fusion for scapholunate (Slac) or scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (Snac) wrists: A systematic review of outcomes. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2009;34(2):256-63. doi: 10.1177/1753193408100954. [PubMed: 19369301].
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 5, No 2 (2019) | |
| Section | Educational Corner | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jost.v5i2.3752 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Scapholunate Ligament; Carpal Instability; Wrist Injuries | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Vosooghi F, Khajeh R, Mortazavi SJ. Scapholunate Ligament Injury: Reviewing the Concept and the Challenges Ahead. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2020;5(2):40-4.
