Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis of Ovis Aries Knee Joint Meniscus: Does It Have Any Similarity with Human Meniscus?
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Abstract
Background: Meniscus plays a pivotal role in normal function of knee joint and is exposed to heavy load of pressure and trauma. The aim in this study is to investigate ultrastructure of medial and lateral meniscus of Ovis aries, in addition to comparing the findings with human meniscal structure.
Methods: 14 samples of freshly-excised meniscus of ovis aries were provided. After conventional preparation, the samples were studied via electron microscopy (EM) and its elements were microanalyzed.
Results: In the macroscopic evaluation, the meniscus surface was completely smooth, but in the microscopic observation, longitudinal ridges and grooves were observed. In addition, several types of cells that were different morphologically and bundles of collagen fibers were observed. The major direction of collagen fibers was circumferentially, but there were radial fibers as well. In the microanalysis of the ovis aris meniscus, the following elements were present: sodium, carbon, and oxygen, with sodium having the highest percentage among the elements. In medial meniscus of the samples, a small amount of calcium was detected.
Conclusion: By comparing the present findings with those of other studies, many similarities were observed between ultrastructure of ovis aries and human knee meniscus. The compatibility in the ultrastructures will imply the possibility of application of this specimen for xenograft meniscal transplant procedure.
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doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2010.02.033. [PubMed: 20855181].
12. Valiyaveettil M, Mort JS, McDevitt CA. The concentration, gene expression, and spatial distribution of aggrecan in canine articular cartilage, meniscus, and anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments: A new molecular distinction between hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage in the knee joint. Connect Tissue Res. 2005;46(2):83-91. doi: 10.1080/03008200590954113. [PubMed: 16019418].
13. Kambic HE, Futani H, McDevitt CA. Cell, matrix changes and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in repair of the canine meniscus. Wound Repair Regen. 2000;8(6):554-61. doi: 10.1046/j.1524-475x.2000.00554.x. [PubMed: 11208183].
14. Melrose J, Smith S, Cake M, Read R, Whitelock J. Comparative spatial and temporal localisation of perlecan, aggrecan and type I, II and IV collagen in the ovine meniscus: An ageing study. Histochem Cell Biol. 2005;124(3-4):225-35. doi: 10.1007/s00418-005-0005-0. [PubMed: 16028067].
15. Hellio Le Graverand MP, Ou Y, Schield-Yee T, Barclay L, Hart D, Natsume T, et al. The cells of the rabbit meniscus: Their arrangement, interrelationship, morphological variations and cytoarchitecture. J Anat. 2001;198(Pt 5):525-35. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19850525.x. [PubMed: 11430692]. [PubMed: PMC1468242].
16. Ghadially FN, Lalonde JM, Wedge JH. Ultrastructure of normal and torn menisci of the human knee joint. J Anat. 1983;136(Pt 4):773-91. [PubMed: 6688412]. [PubMed Central: PMC1171960].
17. Bullough PG, Munuera L, Murphy J, Weinstein AM. The strength of the menisci of the knee as it relates to their fine structure. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1970;52(3):564-7. [PubMed: 5468789].
18. Petersen W, Tillmann B. Collagenous fibril texture of the human knee joint menisci. Anat Embryol (Berl). 1998;197(4):317-24. doi: 10.1007/s004290050141. [PubMed: 9565324].
19. Broom ND, Marra DL. Ultrastructural evidence for fibril-to-fibril associations in articular cartilage and their functional implication. J Anat. 1986;146:185-200. [PubMed: 3693057]. [PubMed Central: PMC1166534].
20. Chen MH, Broom N. On the ultrastructure of softened cartilage: A possible model for structural transformation. J Anat. 1998;192((Pt 3)):329-41. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19230329.x. [PubMed: 9688499]. [PubMed Central: PMC1467777].
21. Sandmann GH, Adamczyk C, Grande Garcia E, Doebele S, Buettner A, Milz S, et al. Biomechanical comparison of menisci from different species and artificial constructs. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013;14:324. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-324. [PubMed: 24237933]. [PubMed Central: PMC3840579].
22. Burger C, Kabir K, Rangger C, Mueller M, Minor T, Tolba RH. Polylactide (LTS) causes less inflammation response than polydioxanone (PDS): A meniscus repair model in sheep. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2006;126(10):695-705. doi: 10.1007/s00402-006-0207-5. [PubMed: 16896739].
23. Spindler KP, Miller RR, Andrish JT, McDevitt CA. Comparison of collagen synthesis in the peripheral and central region of the canine meniscus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;(303):256-63. [PubMed: 8194243].
24. Esparza R, Gortazar AR, Forriol F. Cell study of the three areas of the meniscus: Effect of growth factors in an experimental model in sheep. J Orthop Res. 2012;30(10):1647-51. doi:10.1002/jor.22110. [PubMed: 22447524].
25. Fuller ES, Smith MM, Little CB, Melrose J. Zonal differences in meniscus matrix turnover and cytokine response. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2012;20(1):49-59. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.10.002. [PubMed: 22062355].
2. Fithian DC, Kelly MA, Mow VC. Material properties and structure-function relationships in the menisci. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990;(252):19-31. [PubMed: 2406069].
3. Doherty M, Watt I, Dieppe PA. Localised chondrocalcinosis in post-meniscectomy knees. Lancet. 1982;1(8283):1207-10. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(82)92336-4. [PubMed: 6122972].
4. Levy IM, Torzilli PA, Warren RF. The effect of medial meniscectomy on anterior-posterior motion of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64(6):883-8. [PubMed: 6896333].
5. Englund M, Roos EM, Lohmander LS. Impact of type of meniscal tear on radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: A sixteen-year followup of meniscectomy with matched controls. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(8):2178-87.doi: 10.1002/art.11088. [PubMed: 12905471].
6. Brittberg M, Lindahl A, Nilsson A, Ohlsson C, Isaksson O, Peterson L. Treatment of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation. N Engl J Med.
1994;331(14):889-95.doi:10.1056/NEJM199410063311401.
[PubMed: 8078550].
7. Horas U, Pelinkovic D, Herr G, Aigner T, Schnettler R. Autologous chondrocyte implantation and osteochondral cylinder transplantation in cartilage repair of the knee joint. A prospective, comparative trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85(2):185-92. doi: 10.2106/00004623-200302000-00001. [PubMed: 12571292].
8. Merriam AR, Patel JM, Culp BM, Gatt CJ Jr, Dunn MG. Successful total meniscus reconstruction using a novel fiber-reinforced scaffold: A 16- and 32-week study in an ovine model. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(10):2528-37. doi: 10.1177/0363546515595065. [PubMed: 26297520].
9. Stone KR, Galili U. Soft tissue xenografts [Online].
[cited 1998]; Available from: URL: https://patents.google.com/patent/WO1999044533A1/en
10. Burger C, Mueller M, Wlodarczyk P, Goost H, Tolba RH, Rangger C, et al. The sheep as a knee osteoarthritis model: Early cartilage changes after meniscus injury and repair. Lab Anim. 2007;41(4):420-31. doi: 10.1258/002367707782314265. [PubMed: 17988437].
11. Maher SA, Rodeo SA, Doty SB, Brophy R, Potter H, Foo LF, et al. Evaluation of a porous polyurethane scaffold in a partialmeniscal defect ovine model. Arthroscopy. 2010;26(11):1510-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2010.02.033. [PubMed: 20855181].
12. Valiyaveettil M, Mort JS, McDevitt CA. The concentration, gene expression, and spatial distribution of aggrecan in canine articular cartilage, meniscus, and anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments: A new molecular distinction between hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage in the knee joint. Connect Tissue Res. 2005;46(2):83-91. doi: 10.1080/03008200590954113. [PubMed: 16019418].
13. Kambic HE, Futani H, McDevitt CA. Cell, matrix changes and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in repair of the canine meniscus. Wound Repair Regen. 2000;8(6):554-61. doi: 10.1046/j.1524-475x.2000.00554.x. [PubMed: 11208183].
14. Melrose J, Smith S, Cake M, Read R, Whitelock J. Comparative spatial and temporal localisation of perlecan, aggrecan and type I, II and IV collagen in the ovine meniscus: An ageing study. Histochem Cell Biol. 2005;124(3-4):225-35. doi: 10.1007/s00418-005-0005-0. [PubMed: 16028067].
15. Hellio Le Graverand MP, Ou Y, Schield-Yee T, Barclay L, Hart D, Natsume T, et al. The cells of the rabbit meniscus: Their arrangement, interrelationship, morphological variations and cytoarchitecture. J Anat. 2001;198(Pt 5):525-35. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19850525.x. [PubMed: 11430692]. [PubMed: PMC1468242].
16. Ghadially FN, Lalonde JM, Wedge JH. Ultrastructure of normal and torn menisci of the human knee joint. J Anat. 1983;136(Pt 4):773-91. [PubMed: 6688412]. [PubMed Central: PMC1171960].
17. Bullough PG, Munuera L, Murphy J, Weinstein AM. The strength of the menisci of the knee as it relates to their fine structure. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1970;52(3):564-7. [PubMed: 5468789].
18. Petersen W, Tillmann B. Collagenous fibril texture of the human knee joint menisci. Anat Embryol (Berl). 1998;197(4):317-24. doi: 10.1007/s004290050141. [PubMed: 9565324].
19. Broom ND, Marra DL. Ultrastructural evidence for fibril-to-fibril associations in articular cartilage and their functional implication. J Anat. 1986;146:185-200. [PubMed: 3693057]. [PubMed Central: PMC1166534].
20. Chen MH, Broom N. On the ultrastructure of softened cartilage: A possible model for structural transformation. J Anat. 1998;192((Pt 3)):329-41. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19230329.x. [PubMed: 9688499]. [PubMed Central: PMC1467777].
21. Sandmann GH, Adamczyk C, Grande Garcia E, Doebele S, Buettner A, Milz S, et al. Biomechanical comparison of menisci from different species and artificial constructs. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013;14:324. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-324. [PubMed: 24237933]. [PubMed Central: PMC3840579].
22. Burger C, Kabir K, Rangger C, Mueller M, Minor T, Tolba RH. Polylactide (LTS) causes less inflammation response than polydioxanone (PDS): A meniscus repair model in sheep. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2006;126(10):695-705. doi: 10.1007/s00402-006-0207-5. [PubMed: 16896739].
23. Spindler KP, Miller RR, Andrish JT, McDevitt CA. Comparison of collagen synthesis in the peripheral and central region of the canine meniscus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;(303):256-63. [PubMed: 8194243].
24. Esparza R, Gortazar AR, Forriol F. Cell study of the three areas of the meniscus: Effect of growth factors in an experimental model in sheep. J Orthop Res. 2012;30(10):1647-51. doi:10.1002/jor.22110. [PubMed: 22447524].
25. Fuller ES, Smith MM, Little CB, Melrose J. Zonal differences in meniscus matrix turnover and cytokine response. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2012;20(1):49-59. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.10.002. [PubMed: 22062355].
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 5, No 3 (2019) | |
| Section | Research Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jost.v5i3.4286 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Heterografts; Knee; Orthopedic Procedures; Ovis Aries | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Nejadhosseinian M, Paragomi P, Mastery Farahani R. Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis of Ovis Aries Knee Joint Meniscus: Does It Have Any Similarity with Human Meniscus?. J Orthop Spine Trauma. 2020;5(3):58-61.
